25 subjectsAvailable in the UTME
4 subjectsPer candidate, with Use of English compulsory
400 marks100 per subject, in a CBT format
Subject combinationDepends on your course and institution
Check before you study: subjects marked Official JAMB syllabus reproduce the Board’s own syllabus. Subjects marked Summary outline list the main areas examined. JAMB updates its syllabus and prescribed literature texts from time to time, so confirm your subject combination, topics and set texts in the official JAMB brochure and syllabus (IBASS) for your exam year.
Compulsory
Use of English
3 topicsOfficial JAMB syllabus
General objectives
The aim of the Unified Tertiary Matriculation Examination (UTME) syllabus in Use of English is to guide candidates in their preparation for the Board’s examination. It is designed to evaluate the candidates’ ability to:
SECTION A: Comprehension and Summary SECTION B: Lexis and Structure SECTION C: Oral Forms
- (i) communicate effectively in both written and spoken English; and
- (ii) use English Language for learning at the tertiary level.
- 2. The syllabus consists of three sections:
AComprehension and Summary
Topics / contents / notes
(a) description
(b) narration
(c) exposition
(d) argumentation/persuasion
(i) Each of the three passages to be set (one will be a cloze test) should reflect various disciplines and be about 200 words long.
(ii) Questions on the passages will test the following:
(a) Comprehension of the whole or part of each passage.
(b) Comprehension of words, phrases, clauses, sentences, figures of speech and idioms as used in the passages.
(c) Coherence and logical reasoning (deductions, inferences, etc.).
(d) Approved Reading Text.
(e) Synthesis of ideas from the passages. NOTE: Synthesis of ideas means the art of combining distinct or separate pieces of information to form a complete whole as summary.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. identify main points/topic sentences in passages;
ii. determine implied meanings;
iii. identify the grammatical functions of words, phrases, clauses and figurative /idiomatic expressions; and
iv. deduce or infer the writers’ intentions including mood, attitude to the subject matter and opinion.
BLexis and Structure
Topics / contents / notes
(a) synonyms
(b) antonyms
(c) clause and sentence patterns
(d) word classes and their functions
(e) mood, tense, aspect, number, agreement/concord, degree (positive, comparative and superlative) and question tags
(f) mechanics
(g) ordinary usage, figurative usage and idiomatic usage.
NOTE: Idioms to be tested are those that are formal and expressed in Standard British English. (SBE).
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. identify words and expressions in their ordinary, figurative and idiomatic contexts;
ii. determine similar and opposite meanings of words;
iii. differentiate between correct and incorrect spellings;
iv. identify various grammatical patterns in use; and
v. interpret information conveyed in sentences.
COral Forms
Topics / contents / notes
(a) Vowels (monothongs, diphthongs and triphthongs)
(b) Consonants (including clusters)
(c) Rhymes (including homophones)
(d) Word stress (monosyllabic and polysyllabic)
(e) Emphatic stress (in connected speech)
NOTE: Emphatic stress involves the placement of stress on words in an utterance for the purpose of emphasis.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. make distinctions among vowel types;
ii. differentiate among consonant types; and
iii. identify correct pronunciation of individual words and articulation of connected speech.
D. THE STRUCTURE OF THE EXAMINATION
SECTION A: Comprehension and Summary
- (a) 1comprehension passage – 5 questions
- (b) 1 summary passage – 5 questions
- (c) 1 cloze passage – 10 questions
- (d) 1 reading text – 5 questions
SECTION B: Lexis and Structure
- (a) Sentence interpretation – 5 questions
- (b) Antonyms – 5 questions
- (c) Synonyms – 5questions
- (d) Basic Grammar – 10 questions
SECTION C: Oral Forms
- a) Vowels – 2 questions
- b) Consonants – 2 questions
- c) Rhymes – 2 questions
- d) Word Stress – 2 questions
- e) Emphatic Stress – 2 questions
- Total: 60 questions
RECOMMENDED TEXTS
- Adedimeji, M. A (2021) Doses of Grammar. Patigi. Ahman Pategi University Press.
- Attah, M. O. (2013). Practice in Spoken English for Intermediate and Advanced Learners. Maiduguri: University of Maiduguri Press.
- Bamgbose, A. (2002). English Lexis and Structure for Senior Secondary Schools and Colleges (Revised Edition).
- Ibadan: Heinemann.
- Banjo, A., Adeniran A., Akano, A. and Onoga, U. (2004) New Oxford Secondary English Course Book six for Senior Secondary Schools. Ibadan: University Press Plc.
- Caesar, O. J. (2003). Essential Oral English for Schools and Colleges. Lagos: Tonad Publishers Limited.
- Jones, D. (2011). Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Egbe, D. I (1996). Mastering English Usage and Communication Skills. Lagos: Tisons.
- Elugbe, B. (2000). Oral English for Schools and Colleges. Ibadan: Heinemann.
- Grant, N. J. H., Nnamonu, S. and Jowitt, D. (1998) Senior English Project 3. (New Edition) Harlow: Longman.
- Idowu., O. O., Sogbesan, T. S., Adofo, A. K., Burgess, D. F. and Burgess, L. J. (1998) Round-up English: A Complete
- Guide, Lagos: Longman.
- Idris, U. (2001). Oral English at Your Fingertips for Schools and Colleges. Lagos: M. Youngbrain Publishers.
- Igiligi, E. C. and Ogenyi, S. O. (2010) Grammar and Composition in the G.S.M. Age. Enugu: Joe Hills Production
- Services.
- Jauro, L. B. (2013). Oral English for Schools and Colleges: A Teaching and Learning Approach. Yola: Paraclete
- Publishers.
- Nnamonu, S. and Jowitt, D. (1989) Common Errors in English. Lagos: Longman.
- Obinna, M. F. (2001) University Matriculation Use of English. (Fourth Edition). Port Harcourt: Sunray Books
- Limited.
- Ogunsanwo, O., Duruaku, A. B.C., Ezechukwu, J. and Nwachukwu, U. I. (2005) Countdown English Language
- (Revised Edition). Ibadan: Evans Brothers.
- Olatoye, S. (2006) The Silent Teacher. Ado-Ekiti: Segun and Sons Enterprises.
- Oluikpe, B. O. A., Nnaemeka, B. A., Obah, T. Y., Otagburuagu, E. J., Onuigbo, S. and Ogbonna, E. A. (1998)
- Intensive English for Senior Secondary School 3. Onitsha: Africana. First Publishers.
- Tomori, S. H. O. (2000) Objective Tests for School Certificate English: Practice in Lexis, Structure and Idiom
- (Reprinted Edition). Ibadan: Heinemann.
- Ukwuegbu, C., Okoro, O., Idris, A. U., Okebukola, F. O. and Owokade, C. O. (2002) Catch-up English for SSCE/UME. Ibadan: Heinemann.
Sciences
Mathematics
23 topicsOfficial JAMB syllabus
General objectives
The aim of the Unified Tertiary Matriculation Examination (UTME) syllabus in Mathematics is to prepare the candidates for the Board’s examination. It is designed to test the achievement of the course objectives which are to:
This syllabus is divided into five sections:
I. Number and Numeration; II. Algebra; III. Geometry/Trigonometry; IV. Calculus; V. Statistics.
- (1) acquire computational and manipulative skills; (2) develop precise, logical and formal reasoning skills; (3) develop deductive skills in interpretation of graphs, diagrams and data; (4) apply mathematical concepts to resolve issues in daily living.
SECTION I: NUMBER AND NUMERATION
1Number bases/Modular Arithmetic:
Topics / contents / notes
(a) operations in different number bases from 2 to 10;
(b) conversion from one base to another including fractional parts;
(c) modular arithmetic.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. perform four basic operations (x,+,-,÷);
ii. convert one base to another;
iii. perform operations in modulo arithmetic.
2Fractions, Decimals, Approximations and Percentages:
Topics / contents / notes
(a) fractions and decimals;
(b) significant figures;
(c) decimal places;
(d) percentage errors;
(e) simple interest;
(f) profit and loss percent;
(g) ratio, proportion and rate;
(h) shares and valued added tax (VAT).
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. perform basic operations (x,+,-,÷)on fractions and decimals;
ii. express to specified number of significant figures and decimal places;
iii. calculate simple interest, profit and loss per cent; ratio proportion, rate and percentage error;
iv. solve problems involving share and VAT.
3Indices, Logarithms and Surds:
Topics / contents / notes
(a) laws of indices;
(b) equations involving indices;
(c) standard form;
(d) laws of logarithm;
(e) logarithm of any positive number to a given base;
(f) change of bases in logarithm and application;
(g) relationship between indices and logarithm;
(h) Surds.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. apply the laws of indices in calculation;
ii. establish the relationship between indices and logarithms in solving problems;
iii. solve equations involving indices;
iv. solve problems in different bases in logarithms;
v. simplify and rationalize surds;
vi. perform basic operations on surds.
4Sets:
Topics / contents / notes
(a) types of sets;
(b) algebra of sets;
(c) Venn diagrams and their applications.
iv. v.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. identify types of sets, i.e. empty, universal, complements, subsets, finite, infinite and disjoint sets;
ii. solve problems involving cardinality of sets;
iii. solve set problems using symbols;
iv. use Venn diagrams to solve problems involving not more than 3 sets.
SECTION II: ALGEBRA
1Polynomials:
Topics / contents / notes
(a) change of subject of formula;
(b) addition, subtraction, multiplication and division of polynomials;
(c) factorization of polynomials of degree not exceeding 3;
(d) roots of polynomials not exceeding degree 3;
(e) factor and remainder theorems;
(f) simultaneous equations including one linear one quadratic;
(g) graphs of polynomials of degree not greater than 3.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. find the subject of the formula of a given equation;
ii. apply factor and remainder theorem to factorize a given expression;
iii. multiply, divide polynomials of degree not more than 3 and determine values of defined and undefined expression;
iv. factorize by regrouping difference of two squares, perfect squares and cubic expressions; etc.
v. solve simultaneous equations – one linear, one quadratic;
vi. interpret graphs of polynomials including applications to maximum and minimum values.
2Variation:
Topics / contents / notes
(a) direct;
(b) inverse;
(c) joint;
(d) partial;
(e) percentage increase and decrease.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. solve problems involving direct, inverse, joint and partial variations;
ii. solve problems on percentage increase and decrease in variation.
3Inequalities:
Topics / contents / notes
(a) analytical and graphical solutions of linear inequalities;
(b) quadratic inequalities with integral roots only.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. solve problems on linear and quadratic inequalities;
ii. interpret graphs of inequalities.
4Progression:
Topics / contents / notes
(a) nth term of a progression;
(b) sum of A. P. and G. P.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. determine the nth term of a progression;
ii. compute the sum of A. P. and G.P;
iii. sum to infinity of a given G.P.
5Binary Operations:
Topics / contents / notes
(a) properties of closure, commutativity, associativity and distributivity;
(b) identity and inverse elements (simple cases only).
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. solve problems involving closure, commutativity, associativity and distributivity;
ii. solve problems involving identity and inverse elements.
6Matrices and Determinants:
Topics / contents / notes
(a) algebra of matrices not exceeding 3 x 3;
(b) determinants of matrices not exceeding 3 x 3;
(c) inverses of 2 x 2 matrices; [excluding quadratic and higher degree equations].
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. perform basic operations(x,+,-,÷) on matrices;
ii. calculate determinants;
iii. compute inverses of 2 x 2 matrices.
SECTION III: GEOMETRY AND TRIGONOMETRY
1Euclidean Geometry:
Topics / contents / notes
(a) Properties of angles and lines
(b) Polygons: triangles, quadrilaterals and general polygons;
(c) Circles: angle properties, cyclic; quadrilaterals and intersecting chords;
(d) construction.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. identify various types of lines and angles;
ii. solve problems involving polygons;
iii. calculate angles using circle theorems;
iv. identify construction procedures of special angles, e.g. 30º, 45º, 60º, 75º, 90º etc.
2Mensuration:
Topics / contents / notes
(a) lengths and areas of plane geometrical figures;
(b) lengths of arcs and chords of a circle;
(c) Perimeters and areas of sectors and segments of circles;
(d) surface areas and volumes of simple solids and composite figures;
(e) the earth as a sphere: longitudes and latitudes.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. calculate the perimeters and areas of triangles, quadrilaterals, circles and composite figures;
ii. find the length of an arc, a chord, perimeters and areas of sectors and segments of circles;
iii. calculate total surface areas and volumes of cuboids, cylinders. cones, pyramids, prisms, spheres and composite figures;
iv. determine the distance between two points on the earth’s surface.
3Loci: locus in 2 dimensions based on geometric principles relating to lines and curves.
Topics / contents / notes
Objectives
Candidates should be able to: identify and interpret loci relating to parallel lines, perpendicular bisectors, angle bisectors and circles.
4Coordinate Geometry:
Topics / contents / notes
(a) midpoint and gradient of a line segment;
(b) distance between two points;
(c) parallel and perpendicular lines;
(d) equations of straight lines.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. determine the midpoint and gradient of a line segment;
ii. find the distance between two points;
iii. identify conditions for parallelism and perpendicularity;
iv. find the equation of a line in the two-point form, point-slope form, slope intercept form and the general form.
5Trigonometry:
Topics / contents / notes
(a) trigonometrical ratios of angles;
(b) angles of elevation and depression;
(c) bearings;
(d) areas and solutions of triangle;
(e) graphs of sine and cosine;
(f) sine and cosine formulae.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. calculate the sine, cosine and tangent of angles between – 360º ≤ Ɵ ≤ 360º;
ii. apply these special angles, e.g. 30º, 45º, 60º, 75º, 90º, 105⁰, 135º to solve simple problems in trigonometry;
iii. solve problems involving angles of elevation and depression;
iv. solve problems involving bearings;
v. apply trigonometric formulae to find areas of triangles;
vi. solve problems involving sine and cosine graphs.
SECTION IV: CALCULUS
1Differentiation:
Topics / contents / notes
(a) limit of a function;
(b) differentiation of explicit algebraic and simple trigonometrical functions – sine, cosine and tangent.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. find the limit of a function;
ii. differentiate explicit algebraic and simple trigonometrical functions.
22.Application of differentiation:
Topics / contents / notes
(a) rate of change;
(b) maxima and minima.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to: solve problems involving applications of rate of change, maxima and minima.
3Integration:
Topics / contents / notes
(a) integration of explicit algebraic and simple trigonometrical functions;
(b) area under the curve.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. solve problems of integration involving algebraic and simple trigonometric functions;
ii. calculate area under the curve (simple cases only).
SECTION V: STATISTICS
1Representation of data:
Topics / contents / notes
(a) frequency distribution;
(b) histogram, bar chart and pie chart.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. identify and interpret frequency distribution tables;
ii. interpret information on histogram, bar chat and pie chart.
2Measures of Location:
Topics / contents / notes
(a) mean, mode and median of ungrouped and grouped data – (simple cases only);
(b) cumulative frequency.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. calculate the mean, mode and median of ungrouped and grouped data (simple cases only);
ii. use Ogive to find the median, quartiles and percentiles.
3Measures of Dispersion: range, mean deviation, variance and standard deviation.
Topics / contents / notes
Objectives
Candidates should be able to: calculate the range, mean deviation, variance and standard deviation of ungrouped and grouped data.
4Permutation and Combination:
Topics / contents / notes
(a) Linear and circular arrangements;
(b) Arrangements involving repeated objects.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to: solve simple problems involving permutation and combination.
5Probability:
Topics / contents / notes
(a) experimental probability (tossing of coin, throwing of a dice etc);
(b) Addition and multiplication of probabilities (mutual and independent cases).
Objectives
Candidates should be able to: solve simple problems in probability (including addition and multiplication).
RECOMMENDED TEXTS
- Adelodun A. A. (2000)Distinction in Mathematics: Comprehensive Revision Text, (3rd Edition) Ado –Ekiti: FNPL.
- Anyebe, J. A. B. (1998) Basic Mathematics for Senior Secondary Schools and Remedial Students in Higher Institutions, Lagos: Kenny Moore.
- Channon, J. B. Smith, A. M. (2001)New General Mathematics for West Africa SSS 1 to 3, Lagos: Longman.
- David –Osuagwu, M. et al. (2000)New School Mathematics for Senior Secondary Schools, Onitsha: Africana – FIRST Publishers.
- Egbe. E et al (2000)Further Mathematics, Onitsha: Africana – FIRST Publishers
- Ibude, S. O. et al.. (2003)Algebra and Calculus for Schools and Colleges: LINCEL Publishers.
- Tuttuh – Adegun M. R. et al. (1997)Further Mathematics Project Books 1 to 3, Ibadan: NPS Educational
- Wisdomline Pass at Once JAMB.
Biology
24 topicsOfficial JAMB syllabus
General objectives
The aim of the Unified Tertiary Matriculation Examination (UTME) syllabus in Biology is to prepare the candidates for the Board’s examination. It is designed to test their achievement of the course objectives, which are to:
- 1. demonstrate sufficient knowledge of the concepts of the diversity, interdependence and unity of life;
- 2. account for continuity of life through reorganization, inheritance and evolution;
- 3. apply biological principles and concepts to everyday life, especially to matters affecting living things, individual, society, the environment, community health and the economy.
A: VARIETY OF ORGANISMS
1Living organisms:
Topics / contents / notes
a. Characteristics
b. Cell structure and functions of cell components
c. Level of organization
i. Cell e.g. euglena and paramecium,
ii. Tissue e.g. epithelial tissues and hydra
iii. Organ e.g. onion bulb
iv. Systems e.g. reproductive, digestive and excretory
v. Organisms e.g. Chlamydomonas
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. differentiate between the characteristics of living and non-living things.
ii. identify the structures of plant and animal cells.
iii. analyse the functions of the components of plant and animal cells.
iv. compare and contrast the structure of plant and animal cells.
v. trace the levels of organization among organisms in their logical sequence in relation to the five levels of organization of living organisms.
2Evolution among the following:
Topics / contents / notes
a. Monera (prokaryotes), e.g. bacteria and blue green algae.
b. Protista (protozoans and protophyta), e.g. Amoeba, Euglena and Paramecium.
c. Fungi, e.g. mushroom and Rhizopus.
d. Plantae (plants)
i. Thallophyta (e.g. Spirogyra).
ii. Bryophyta (mosses and liveworts) e.g. Brachmenium and Merchantia.
iii. Pteridophyta (ferns) e.g. Dryopteris.
iv. Spermatophyta (Gymnospermae and Angiospermae)
– Gymnosperms e.g. Cycads and conifers.
– Angiosperms (monocots, e.g. maize; dicots, e.g. water leaf)
v. Plants classified on the span of their life cycles.
e. Animalia (animals)
i. Invertebrates
– coelenterate e.g. Hydra
– Platyhelminthes flatworms e.g. Taenia
– Nematoda (roundworms)
– Annelida e.g. earthworm
– Arthropoda e.g. mosquito, cockroach, housefly, bee, butterfly
– Mollusca e.g. snails
ii. Multicellular animals (vertebrates)
– pisces (cartilaginous and bony fish)
– Amphibia e.g. toads and frogs
– Reptilia e.g. lizards, snakes and turtles
– Aves (birds)
– Mammalia (mammals)
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. analyse external features and characteristics of the listed organisms.
ii. apply the knowledge from (i) above to demonstrate increase in structural complexity.
iii. trace the stages in the life histories of the listed organisms.
iv. apply the knowledge of the life histories to demonstrate gradual transition from life in water to life on land.
v. trace the evolution of the listed plants.
i. trace the advancement of the invertebrate animals.
ii. determine the economic importance of the insects studied.
iii. assess their values to the environment.
iv. classify plants into animals, biennials and perennials
v. trace the advancement of multi-cellular animals.
vi. determine their economic importance.
3Structural/functional and behavioural adaptations of organisms:
Topics / contents / notes
a. adaptive colouration and its functions
b. Behavioural adaptations in social animals
c. Structural adaptations in organisms
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. describe how the various structures, functions and behaviour adapt these organisms to their environment, and way of life.
ii. Categorize countershading in fish, toads, snakes and warning colouration in mushrooms.
iii. Differentiate various castes in social insects like termites and their functions in their colony hive.
iv. Account for basking in lizards, territorial behavour of other animals under unfavourable conditions (hibernation and aestivation).
account for adaptation in organisms with respect to the following:
– Obtaining food (beaks and legs of birds, mouthparts of insects, especially mosquito, butterfly and moth.)
– Protection and defence (stick insects, praying mantis and toad).
– Securing mates (redhead male and female Agama lizards, display of feathers by birds).
– Regulating body temperature (skin, feathers and hairs)
– Conserving water (spines in plants and scales in mammals).
B: FORM AND FUNCTIONS
1Internal structure of a flowering plant
Topics / contents / notes
i. Root
ii. Stem
iii. Leaf
b. Internal structure of a mammal
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. identify the transverse sections of these organs.
ii. relate the structure of these organs to their functions.
iii. identify supporting tissues in plants (collenchyma) sclerenchyma, xylem and phloem fibres)
iv. describe the distribution of supporting tissues in roots, stem and leaf
v. examine the arrangement of the mammalian internal organs.
vi. describe the appearance and position of the digestive, reproductive and excretory organs.
2Nutrition
Topics / contents / notes
a. Modes of nutrition
i. Autotrophic
ii. Heterotrophic
b. Types of Nutrition
c. Plant nutrition
i. Photosynthesis
ii. Chemosynthesis
iii. Mineral requirements (macro and micro-nutrients)
d. Animal nutrition
i. Classes of food substances; carbohydrates, proteins, fats and oils, vitamins, mineral salts and water
ii. Food tests (e.g. starch, reducing sugar, protein, oil, fat etc.)
iii. The mammalian tooth (structures, types and functions)
iv. Mammalian alimentary canal
v. Nutrition process (ingestion, digestion, absorption, and assimilation of digested food).
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. compare autotrophic and heterotrophic modes of nutrition.
ii. provide examples from both flowering and non- flowering plants.
iii. compare the photosynthetic and chemosynthetic modes of nutrition;
iv. differentiate the following examples of heterotrophic feeding:
– holozoic (sheep and man)
– Parasitic (roundworm, tapeworm and Loranthus)
– saprophytic (Rhizopus and mushroom)
– carnivorous plants (sundew and bladderwort)
– determine their nutritional value.
v. differentiate the light and dark reactions, of photosynthesis.
vi. determine the necessity of light, carbon (IV) oxide and chlorophyll in photosynthesis.
vii. detect the presence of starch in a leaf as evidence of photosynthesis.
viii. identify macro-and micro-elements required by plants.
ix. recognise the deficiency symptoms of nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium.
x. indicate the sources of the various classes of food;
xi. determine the nutritional value of food
xii. relate the importance and deficiency (e.g., scurvy, rickets, kwashiorkor etc.) of each class of food; x iii. determine the importance of a balanced diet.
xiv. detect the presence of a food type from the result of a given experiment.
xv. describe the structure of a typical mammalian tooth
xvi. differentiate the types of mammalian tooth and relate their structures to their functions.
xvii. compare the dental formulae of man, sheep and dog. xviii. relate the structure of the various components of the alimentary canal and its accessory organs (liver, pancreas and gall bladder) to their functions.
xix. identify the general characteristics of digestive enzymes
xx. associate enzymes with digestion of carbohydrates, proteins and fats and
xxi. determine the end products of these classes of food.
3Transport
Topics / contents / notes
a. Need for transportation
b. Materials for transportation (Excretory products, gases, manufactured food, digested food, nutrient, water and hormones)
c. Channels for transportation
i. Mammalian circulatory system (heart, arteries, vein and capillaries)
ii Plant vascular system (phloem and xylem)
d. Media and processes of mechanism for transportation.
Objectives
i. determine the relationship between increase in size and complexity; and the need for the development of a transport system in plants and animals.
ii. determine the sources of materials and the forms in which they are transported.
iii. describe the general circulatory system
iv. compare specific functions of the hepatic portal vein, the pulmonary vein and artery, aorta, the renal artery and vein.
v. identify the organs of the plant vascular system.
vi. understand the specific functions of the phloem and xylem.
vii. identify media of transportation (e.g., cytoplasm, cell sap, body fluid, blood and lymph)
viii. state the composition and functions of blood and lymph
ix. describe diffusion, osmosis, plasmolysis and turgidity as mechanisms of transportation in organisms.
x. compare the various mechanisms of open circulatory systems in animal, transpiration pull, root pressure and active transport as mechanisms of transportation in plants.
Candidates should be able to:
4Respiration
Topics / contents / notes
a. Respiratory organs and surfaces
b. The mechanism of gaseous exchange in:
i. Plants
ii. Animals
c. Aerobic respiration
d. Anaerobic respiration
Objectives
i. explain the significance of respiration;
ii. describe a simplified outline of the chemical processes involved in glycolysis and Krebs cycle with reference to ATP production iii deduce gaseous exchange and products, exchange and production of heat energy during respiration from experimental set up.
iv. describe the following respiratory organs and surfaces with organisms in which they occur; body surface, gill, trachea, lungs, stomata and lenticel.
v. describe the mechanism for the opening and closing of the stomata
vi. determine respiratory mechanisms in plants and animals.
vii. examine the role of oxygen in the liberation of energy for the activities of the living organisms
viii. explain the effect of insufficient supply of oxygen to the muscles.
ix. use yeast cells and sugar solution to demonstrate the process of fermentation.
x. state the economic importance of yeasts.
Candidates should be able to:
5Excretion
Topics / contents / notes
a. Types of excretory structures: contractile vacuole, flame cell, nephridium, Malpighian tubule, kidney, stoma and lenticel.
b. Excretory mechanisms:
i. Kidneys
ii. lungs
iii. skin
c. Excretory products of plants
Objectives
i. define the meaning and state the significance of excretion
ii. relate the characteristics of each structure with functions.
iii. relate the structure of the kidneys to the excretory and osmo-regulatory functions.
iv. identify the functions and excretory products of the lungs and the skin.
v. deduce the economic importance of the excretory products of plants e.g., carbon (IV) oxide, oxygen, tannins, resins, gums, mucilage, alkaloids etc.
Candidates should be able to:
6Support and movement
Topics / contents / notes
a. Tropic, tactic, nastic and sleep movements in plants
b. supporting tissues in animals
c. Types and functions of the skeleton
i. Exoskeleton
ii. Endoskeleton
iii. Functions of the skeleton in animals
Objectives
i. determine the need for support and movement in organisms
ii. identify supporting tissues in plants (collenchyma, sclerenchyma, xylem and phloem fibres)
iii. describe the distribution of supporting tissues in root, stem and leaf.
iv. relate the response of plants to the stimuli of light, water, gravity and touch
v. identify the regions of growth in roots and shoots and the roles of auxins in tropism.
vi. relate the location of chitin, cartilage and bone to their supporting function.
vii. relate the structure and the general layout of the mammalian skeleton to their supportive, locomotive and respiratory function.
viii. differentiate types of joints using appropriate examples.
ix. apply the protective, supportive, locomotive and respiratory functions of the skeleton to the wellbeing of the animal.
Candidates should be able to:
7Reproduction
Topics / contents / notes
a. Asexual reproduction
i. Fission (e.g., Paramecium)
ii. Budding (e.g., yeast)
iii. Natural vegetative propagation
iv. Artificial vegetative propagation
b. Sexual reproduction in flowering plants
i. Floral parts and their functions
ii. Pollination and fertilization
iii. products of sexual reproduction
c. Reproduction in mammals
i. Structures and functions of the male and female reproductive organs
ii. Fertilization and development. (Fusion of gametes)
Objectives
i. differentiate between asexual and sexual reproduction
ii. apply natural vegetative propagation in crop production and multiplication.
iii. apply grafting, budding and layering in agricultural practices.
iv. relate parts of flower to their functions and reproductive process.
v. state the advantages of cross pollination.
vi. deduce the different types of placentation that develop into simple, aggregate, multiple and succulent fruits.
vii. differentiate between male and female reproductive organs.
viii. relate their structure and function to the production of offspring.
ix. describe the fusion of gametes as a process of fertilization.
x. relate the effects of the mother’s health, nutrition and indiscriminate use of drugs on the developmental stages of the embryo up to birth.
xi. explain the modern methods of regulating reproduction on e.g., invitro fertilization and birth control
8Growth
Topics / contents / notes
a. Meaning of growth
b. Germination of seeds and condition necessary for germination of seeds.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. apply the knowledge of the conditions necessary for germination on plant growth.
ii. differentiate between epigeal and hypogeal germination.
9Co-ordination and control
Topics / contents / notes
a. Nervous coordination:
i. the components, structure and functions of the central nervous system
ii. The components and functions of the peripheral nervous system
iii. Mechanism of transmission of impulses
iv. Reflex action
b. The sense organs
i. Skin (tactile)
ii. Nose (olfactory)
iii. Tongue (taste)
iv. Eye (sight)
v. Ear (auditory)
c. Hormonal control
i. animal hormonal system (Pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal gland, pancreas, gonads)
ii. Plant hormones (phytohormones)
d. Homeostasis
i. Body temperature regulation
ii. Salt and water regulation
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. apply the knowledge of the structure and function of the central nervous system in the coordination of body functions in organisms.
ii. illustrate reflex actions such as blinking of the eyes, knee jerk etc.
iii. differentiate between reflex and voluntary actions as well as conditioned reflexes such as salivation, riding a bicycle and swimming.
iv. relate the listed sense organs with their functions.
v. apply the knowledge of the structure and functions of these sense organs in detecting and correcting their defects.
vi. state the location of the listed endocrine glands in animals.
vii. relate the hormone produced by each of these glands to their functions.
viii. examine the effects of various phytohormones (e.g., auxins, gibberellin, cytokinin, and ethylene) on growth, tropism, flowering, fruit ripening and leaf abscission.
ix. relate the function of hormones in homeostasis.
C: ECOLOGY
1Factors affecting the distribution of Organisms
Topics / contents / notes
i. Abiotic
ii. Biotic
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. relate the effects of temperature; rainfall, relative humidity, wind speed and direction, altitude, salinity, turbidity, pH and edaphic (soil) conditions on the distribution of organisms.
ii. use appropriate equipment ( secchi disc, thermometer, rain gauge) to measure abiotic factors.
iii. describe how the activities of plants/animals (particularly human) affect the distribution of organisms.
2Symbiotic interactions of plants and animals
Topics / contents / notes
(a) Energy flow in the ecosystem: food chains, food webs and trophic levels.
(b) Nutrient cycling in nature.
i. carbon cycle
ii. water cycle
iii. Nitrogen cycle
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. determine appropriate examples of symbiosis, parasitism, saprophytism, commensalism, mutualism, amensalism, competition, predation and cooperation among organisms.
ii. explain the distribution of organisms with food chains and food webs in particular habitats.
iii. define chains and webs
iv. describe the carbon cycle and its significance including the balance of atmospheric oxygen and carbon (IV) oxide and global warming.
v. assess the effects of water cycle on other nutrient cycles.
vi. relate the roles of bacteria and leguminous plants in the cycling of nitrogen.
3Natural Habitats
Topics / contents / notes
(a) Aquatic (e.g., ponds, streams, lakes, seashores and mangrove swamps)
(b) Terrestrial/arboreal (e.g., tree-tops, abandoned farmland or a dry grassy (savanna) field, and burrow or hole.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. associate plants and animals with each of these habitats.
ii. relate adaptive features to the habitats in which organisms live.
4Local (Nigerian) Biomes
Topics / contents / notes
a. Tropical rainforest
b. Guinea savanna (southern and northern)
c. Sudan Savanna
d. Desert
e. Highlands of montane forests and grasslands of the Obudu -, Jos -, Mambilla – Plateaus.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. locate biomes in regions
ii. apply the knowledge of the features of the listed local biomes in determining the characteristics of different regions of Nigeria.
5The Ecology of Populations
Topics / contents / notes
(a) Population density and overcrowding.
(b) Adaptation for survival
i. Factors that bring about competition
ii. Intra and inter-specific competition
iii. Relationship between competition and succession.
(c) Factors affecting population sizes:
i. Biotic (food, pest, disease, predation, competition and reproductive ability).
ii. Abiotic (temperature, space, light, rainfall, topography, pressure, pH) etc.
(d) Ecological succession
i. primary succession
ii. secondary succession
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. determine the reasons for rapid changes in human population and the consequences of overcrowding.
ii. compute/calculate density as the number of organisms per unit area.
iii. Relate increase in population, diseases, shortage of food and space with intra- and inter-specific competition.
iv. Determine niche differentiation as a means of reducing intra-specific completion.
v. Relate competition to succession.
vi. deduce the effect of these factors on the size of population.
vii. determine the interactions between biotic and abiotic factors, (e.g. drought or scarcity of water which leads to food shortage and lack of space which causes increase in disease rates).
viii. trace the sequence in succession to the climax stage of stability in plant population.
6SOIL
Topics / contents / notes
a. Characteristics of different types of soil (sandy, loamy, clayey)
i. soil structure
ii. porosity, capillarity and humus content
b. Components of the soil
i. inorganic
ii. organic
iii. soil organisms
iv. soil air
v. soil water
c. Soil fertility
i. loss of soil fertility
ii. renewal and maintenance of soil fertility
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. identify physical properties of different soil types based on simple measurement of particle size, porosity or water retention ability.
ii. determine the amounts of air, water, humus and capillarity in different soil types experimentally.
iii. relate soil characteristics, types and components to the healthy growth of plants
iv. relate such factors as loss of inorganic matter, compaction, leaching, erosion of the top soil and repeated cropping with one variety.
v. apply the knowledge of the practice of contour ridging, terracing, mulching, poly-cropping, strip- cropping, use of organic and inorganic fertilizers, crop rotation, shifting cultivation, etc. to enhance soil conservation.
7Humans and Environment
Topics / contents / notes
(a) Diseases:
(i) Common and endemic diseases
ii. Easily transmissible diseases and disease syndrome such as:
– poliomyelitis
– cholera
– tuberculosis
– sexually transmitted disease/syndrome (gonorrhea, syphilis, AIDS, etc.)
b. Drug abuse:
i. Drug addiction
ii. Commonly abused drugs
iii. Prevention of drug abuse
c. Pollution and its control
(i) Sources, types, effects and methods of control.
(ii) Sanitation and sewage
d. Conservation of Natural Resources
e. Game reserves and National parks
Objectives
i. identify ecological conditions that favour the spread of common endemic and potentially epidemic diseases e.g. malaria, meningitis, drancunculiasis, schistosomiasis, onchocerciasis, typhoid fever and cholera.
ii. relate the biology of the vector or agent of each disease with its spread and control
iii. define drug abuse and addiction
iv. list the commonly abused drugs
v. state the effects of drug abuse on human health
vi. use the knowledge of the causative organisms, mode of transmission and symptoms of the listed diseases to their prevention – treatment – control
vii. apply the principles of inoculation and vaccination on disease prevention.
viii. categorize pollution into air, water and soil
ix. relate the effects of common pollutants to human health and environmental degradation.
x. determine the methods by which each pollutant may be controlled.
xi. explain the importance of sanitation with emphasis on solid waste, sewage disposal, community health and personal hygiene.
xii. assess the roles and functions of international and national health agencies e.g. World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations International Children Emergency Fund (UNICEF), International Red Cross Society (IRCS) and the ministries of health and environment.
xiii. apply the various methods of conservation of both the renewable and non-renewable natural resources for the protection of our environment for present and future generations.
xiv. outline the benefits of conserving natural resources, prevention of desertification.
xv. identify the bodies responsible for the conservation of resources at the national and international levels e.g. Nigerian Conservation Foundation (NCF), Federal Ministry of Environment, Nigeria National Parks, World Wildlife Foundation (WWF), International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP) and their activities. xvi identify and state the location and importance of game reserves and National parks in Nigeria
D: HEREDITY AND VARIATIONS (I) Variation In Population
Topics / contents / notes
a. Morphological variations in the physical appearance of individuals.
(i) size (height and weight)
(ii) Colour (skin, eye, hair, coat of animals, scales and feathers).
(iii) Fingerprints
b. Physiological variation
(i) Ability to roll tongue
(ii) Ability to taste phenylthiocarbamide (PTC)
(iii) Blood groups
c. Application of discontinuous variation in crime detection, blood transfusion and determination of paternity.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. differentiate between continuous and discontinuous variations with examples.
ii. relate the role of environmental conditions, habitat and the genetic constitution to variation.
iii. measure heights and weights of pupils of the same age group
iv. plot graphs of frequency distribution of the heights and weights.
v. observe and record various colour patterns in some plants and animals.
vi. apply classification of fingerprints in identity detection.
vii. identify some specific examples of physiological variation among human population.
viii. categorize people according to their physiological variation.
ix. apply the knowledge of blood groups in blood transfusion and determination of paternity.
x. use discontinuous variation in crime detection.
2Heredity
Topics / contents / notes
a) Inheritance of characters in organisms
(i) Heritable characters
(ii) Non-heritable characters
b) Chromosomes – the basis of heredity
(i) Structure
(ii) Process of transmission of hereditary characters from parents to offsprings.
c) Probability in genetics and sex determination.
d) Application of the principles of heredity in:
i) Agriculture
(ii) Medicine
e) Sex – linked characters e.g. baldness, haemophilia, colour blindness, etc.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. determine heritable and non-heritable characters with examples.
ii. illustrate simple structure of DNA
iii. illustrate segregation of genes at meiosis and recombination of genes at fertilization to account for the process of transmission of characters from parents to offsprings.
iv. deduce that segregation of genes occurs during gamete formation and that recombination of genes at fertilization is random in nature.
v. analyze data on cross-breeding experiments.
vi. apply the principles of heredity in the production of new varieties of crops and livestock through cross- breeding.
vii. deduce advantages and disadvantages of out- breeding and in-breeding.
viii. analyze elementarily the contentious issues of genetically modified organisms (GMO) and gene therapy and biosafety.
ix. apply the knowledge of heredity in marriage counselling with particular reference to blood grouping, sickle-cell anaemia and the Rhesus factors.
x. describe the significance of using recombinant DNA materials in the production of important medical products such as insulin, interferon and enzymes.
xi. identify characters that are sex linked.
3Biotechnology
Topics / contents / notes
a) Application of Biotechnology in
(i) Agriculture
(ii) Medicine
(iii) Pharmaceuticals, and
(iv) Food industry
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. define biotechnology
ii. list some applications in agriculture, medicine, pharmaceutical and food industries
E: EVOLUTION
1Theories of evolution
Topics / contents / notes
a) Lamarck’s theory
b) Darwin’s theory
c) organic theory
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. relate organic evolution as the sum total of all adaptive changes that have taken place over a long period of time resulting in the diversity of forms, structures and functions among organisms.
ii. explain the contributions of Lamarck and Darwin to the theory of evolution.
iii. state the evidences in support of organic evolution
iv. mention the evidences for evolution such as fossil records, comparative anatomy, physiology and embryology.
v. trace evolutionary trends in plants and animals.
vi. state the evidence of modern evolutionary theories such as genetic studies and the role of mutation.
2Evidence of evolution
Topics / contents / notes
Objectives
RECOMMENDED TEXTS
- Ndu, F.O. C. Ndu, Abun A. and Aina J.O. (2001) Senior Secondary School Biology: Books 1 -3, Lagos: Longman
- Odunfa, S.A. (2001) Essential of Biology, Ibadan: Heinemann
- Ogunniyi M.B. Adebisi A.A. and Okojie J.A. (2000) Biology for Senior Secondary Schools: Books 1 – 3, Macmillan
- Ramalingam, S.T. (2018) Modern Biology, SS Science Series. New Edition, AFP
- Stan. (2004) Biology for Senior Secondary Schools. Revised Edition, Ibadan: Heinemann
- Stone R.H. and Cozens, A.B.C. (1982) Biology for West African Schools. Longman
- Usua, E.J. (1997) Handbook of practical Biology 2nd Edition, University Press, Limited
- Idodo – Umeh, G (2015) College Biology. Idodo – Umeh Publishers Ltd.
- Micheal, M.C. (2018) Essential Biology for Senior Secondary Schools. TONAD Publishers Ltd.
Chemistry
18 topicsOfficial JAMB syllabus
General objectives
The aim of the Unified Tertiary Matriculation Examination (UTME) syllabus in Chemistry is to prepare the candidates for the Board’s examination. It is designed to test their comprehension of the course objectives, which are to:
- (i) understand the basic principles and concepts in chemistry;
- (ii) interpret scientific data relating to chemistry;
- (iii) deduce the relationships between chemistry and other sciences; and
- (iv) apply the knowledge of chemistry to industry and everyday life.
1Separation of Mixtures and Purification of Chemical Substances
Topics / contents / notes
(a) Elements, compounds and mixtures
(b) Chemical and physical changes
(c) Pure and impure substances
(d) Boiling ,density, freezing and melting points
(e) Separation processes: Evaporation, simple and fractional distillation, sublimation, re-crystallization, paper and column chromatography, simple and fractional crystallization, magnetization, decantation, filtration and centrifugation
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
(i) distinguish between elements, compounds and mixture;
(ii) differentiate between chemical and physical changes;
(iii) distinguish between pure and impure substances;
(iv) use boiling and melting points as criteria for purity of chemical substances;
(v) identify the properties of the components of a mixture;
(vi) specify the principle involved in each separation method; and
(vii) apply the basic principle of separation processes in everyday life.
2Chemical Combination
Topics / contents / notes
Laws of definite, multiple and reciprocal proportions, law of conservation of matter, chemical symbols, formulae, equations and their uses, relative atomic mass based on ¹²C=12, the mole concept and stoichiometry of reactions
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
(i) deduce the chemical laws from given expressions/statements/data;
(ii) perform simple calculations involving formulae, equations/chemical composition and the mole concept; and
(iii) deduce the stoichiometry of chemical reactions.
3Kinetic Theory of Matter and Gas Laws
Topics / contents / notes
(a) Phenomena to support the kinetic theory of matter using;
(i) melting
(ii) vapourization
(iii) boiling
(iv) freezing
(v) condensation in terms of molecular motion and Brownian movement
(b)(i) The laws of Boyle, Charles, Avogadro, Gay-Lussac, Graham and Dalton (law of partial pressure), molar volume and atomicity of gases
(ii) The ideal gas equation (PV = nRT)
(iii) The relationship between vapour density of gases and the relative molecular mass
(iv) Ideal and real gases
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
(i) apply the theory to distinguish between solids, liquids and gases;
(ii) deduce reasons for change of state;
(iii) draw inferences based on molecular motion;
(iv) deduce gas laws from given expressions/ statements;
(v) interpret graphical representations related to these laws;
(vi) perform simple calculations based on these laws, equations and relationships; and
(vii) state factors responsible for the deviation of real gases from ideal situation.
4Atomic Structure and Bonding
Topics / contents / notes
(a) (i)The concept of atoms, molecules and ions, the works of Dalton ,Millikan, Rutherford, Moseley, Thompson and Bohr
(ii) Atomic structure, the four quantum numbers, the principles that govern the arrangement of atoms into orbitals, electron configuration, atomic number, mass number and isotopes; specific examples should be drawn from elements of atomic number 1 to 20
(iii) Shapes of s and p orbitals
(b) The periodic table and periodicity of elements, presentation of the periodic table with a view to recognizing families of elements e.g. alkali and alkaline-earth metals, halogens, the noble gases and transition metals. The variation of the following properties: ionization energy, ionic radii, electron affinity, electronegativity, electrical and thermal conductivities
(c) Chemical bonding Electrovalency and covalency, the electron configuration of elements and their tendency to attain the noble gas structure. Hydrogen bonding and metallic bonding as special types of electrovalency and covalency respectively; coordinate bond as a type of covalent bond as illustrated by complexes like [Fe(CN)₆]³⁻, [Fe(CN)₆]⁴⁻, [Cu(NH₃)₄]²⁺ and [Ag(NH₃)₂]⁺; van der Waals’ forces should be mentioned as a special type of bonding forces
(d) Shapes of simple molecules: linear ((H₂, O₂, C1₂, HCl and CO₂), non-linear (H₂O) and tetrahedral; (CH₄) and pyramidal (NH₃)
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
(i) distinguish between atoms, molecules and ions;
(ii) identify the contributions of these scientists to the development of the atomic structure;
(iii) deduce the number of protons, neutrons and electrons from atomic and mass numbers of an atom;
(iv) apply the rules guiding the arrangement of electrons in an atom;
(v) identify common elements exhibiting isotopy;
(vi) relate isotopy to mass number;
(vii) perform simple calculations relating to isotopy;
(viii) differentiate between the shapes of the orbitals;
(ix) determine the number of electrons in s and p atomic orbitals;
(x) relate atomic number to the position of an element on the periodic table;
(xi) relate properties of groups of elements on the periodic table;
(xii) identify reasons for variation in properties across the period and down the groups;
(xiii) differentiate between the different types of bonding;
(xiv) deduce bond types based on electron configurations;
(xv) relate the nature of bonding to properties of compounds; and
(xvi) differentiate between the various shapes of molecules.
5Nuclear Chemistry
Topics / contents / notes
(i) Radioactivity – Types, properties and detection of radiations
(ii) Natural and artificial radioactivity
(iii) Nuclear stability and radioactive decay
(iv) Nuclear reactions: Nuclear fusion and fission
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
(i) distinguish between ordinary chemical reaction and nuclear reaction;
(ii) differentiate between natural and artificial radioactivity;
(iii) compare the properties of the different types of nuclear radiations;
(iv) compute simple calculations on the half-life of a radioactive material;
(v) balance simple nuclear equation; and
(vi) identify the various applications of radioactivity.
6Solubility
Topics / contents / notes
(a) Unsaturated, saturated and supersaturated solutions. Solubility curves and simple deductions from them, (solubility defined in terms of mole per dm³) and simple calculations
(b) Solvents for fats, oil, perspiration and paints and the use of such solvents for the removal of stains
(c) True and false solutions (Suspensions and colloids): Properties and examples Harmattan haze and water paints as examples of suspensions, fog, milk, blood, aerosol spray, emulsion paints and rubber solution as examples of colloids
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
(i) distinguish between the different types of solutions;
(ii) interpret solubility curves;
(iii) calculate the amount of solute that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a given temperature;
(iv) deduce that solubility is temperature- dependent;
(v) relate nature of solvents to their uses;
(vi) differentiate among true solutions, suspensions and colloids;
(vii) compare the properties of a ‘true’ solution and a ‘false’ solution; and
(viii) provide typical examples of suspensions and colloids.
7Environmental Pollution
Topics / contents / notes
(a) Air
(i) The natural gaseous constituents and their proportion in the air
– nitrogen, oxygen, water vapour, carbon (IV) oxide and the noble gases (argon and neon)
(ii) Factors responsible for variation of components of air in the environment
(iii) Air as a mixture and some uses of the noble gases
(b)(i) Air pollution: Examples of air pollutants such as H₂S, CO, SO₂, oxides of nitrogen, chlorofluorocarbons and dust
(ii) Sources and effects of pollutants
(c) Water pollution Sewage and oil pollution should be known
(d) Soil pollution: Oil spillage, biodegradable and non-biodegradable pollutants
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
(i) give reason (s) for the existence of air as a mixture;
(ii) identify the principle involved in the separation of air components;
(iii) state reasons for the variation in the composition of air in the environment;
(iv) specify the uses of some of the constituents of air;
(v) identify the different types of pollution and pollutants;
(vi) specify different sources of pollutants;
(vii) classify pollutants as biodegradable and non-biodegradable;
(viii) specify the effects of pollution on the environment; and
(ix) identify measures for control of environmental pollution.
8Acids, Bases and Salts
Topics / contents / notes
(a) General characteristics, properties and uses of acids, bases and salts. Acids/base indicators, basicity of acids; normal, acidic, basic and double salts. An acid defined as a substance whose aqueous solution furnishes H₃O⁺ions or as a proton donor. Ethanoic, citric and tartaric acids as examples of naturally occurring organic acids, alums as examples of double salts, preparation of salts by neutralization, precipitation and action of acids on metals. Oxides and trioxocarbonate (IV) salts
(b) Qualitative comparison of the conductance of molar solutions of strong and weak acids and bases, relationship between conductance and amount of ions present
(c) pH and pOH scale; Simple calculations, significance of pH value in everyday life, Buffer solution
(d) Acid/base titrations
(e) Hydrolysis of salts; Simple examples such as NH₄Cl, AlCl₃, Na₂CO₃and CH₃COONa
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
(i) distinguish between the properties of acids and bases;
(ii) identify the different types of acids and bases;
(iii) determine the basicity of acids;
(iv) differentiate between acidity and alkalinity using acid/base indicators;
(v) identify the various methods of preparation of salts;
(vi) classify different types of salts;
(vii) relate degree of dissociation to strength of acids and bases;
(viii) relate degree of dissociation to conductance;
(ix) perform simple calculations on pH and pOH;
(x) enumerate the significance of pH in everyday life;
(xi) state applications of Buffer solution;
(xii) identify the appropriate acid-base indicator;
(xiii) interpret graphical representation of titration curves;
(xiv) perform simple calculations based on the mole concept;
(xv) balance equations for the hydrolysis of salts; and
(xvi) deduce the properties (acidic, basic, neutral) of the resultant solution.
9Oxidation and Reduction – Redox
Topics / contents / notes
(a) Oxidation in terms of the addition of oxygen
(b) Reduction as removal of oxygen with the aid of hydrogen
(c) Oxidation and reduction in terms of electron transfer
(d) Use of oxidation numbers. Oxidation and reduction treated as change in oxidation number and use of oxidation numbers in
balancing simple equations
(e) IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic compounds using oxidation number
(f) Tests for oxidizing and reducing agents
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
(i) identify the various forms of expressing oxidation and reduction;
(ii) classify chemical reactions in terms of oxidation or reduction;
(iii) balance redox reaction equations;
(iv) deduce the oxidation number of chemical species;
(v) compute the number of electron transfer in redox reactions;
(vi) identify the name of redox species in a reaction;
(vii) distinguish between oxidizing and reducing agents in redox reactions;
(viii) apply oxidation number in naming inorganic compounds; and
(ix) relate reagents to their oxidizing and reducing abilities.
10Electrolysis
Topics / contents / notes
(a) Electrolytes and non-electrolytes Faraday’s laws of electrolysis
(b) (i) Electrolysis of dilute H₂SO₄, aqueous CuSO₄, CuC1₂ solution, dilute and concentrated NaC1 solutions and fused NaC1 (ii)Factors affecting discharge of ions at the electrodes
(c) Uses of electrolysis: Purification of metals e.g. copper and production of elements and compounds (Al, Na, O₂, Cl₂ and NaOH)
(d) Electrochemical cells: Electrochemical series (K, Ca ,Na, Mg,Al, Zn, Fe, Sn, Pb, H, Cu, Hg, Ag, Au) half-cell reactions and electrode potentials (Simple calculations only)
(e) Corrosion as an electrolytic process, cathodic protection of metals, painting, electroplating and coating with grease or oil as ways of preventing iron from corrosion
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
(i) distinguish between electrolytes and non- electrolytes;
(ii) perform calculations based on faraday as mole of electrons;
(iii) identify suitable electrodes for different electrolytes;
(iv) specify the chemical reactions at the electrodes;
(v) determine the products at the electrodes;
(vi) identify the factors that affect the products of electrolysis;
(vii) specify the different areas of application of electrolysis;
(viii) state the significance of electrochemical series;
(ix) identify the various electrochemical cells;
(x) calculate electrode potentials using half- cell reaction equations;
(xi) determine the different areas of application of electrolytic processes; and
(xii) identify methods used in protecting metals.
11Energy Changes
Topics / contents / notes
(a) Energy changes (∆H) accompanying physical and chemical changes: Dissolution of substances in/or reaction with water e.g. Na, NaOH, K, NH₄Cl. Endothermic (+∆H) and exothermic (-∆H) reactions
(b) Entropy as an order-disorder phenomenon: simple illustrations like mixing of gases and dissolution of salts
(c) Spontaneity of reactions: ∆G⁰= 0 as a criterion for equilibrium, ∆G greater or less than zero as a criterion for non-spontaneity or spontaneity respectively
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
(i) determine the types of heat changes (∆H) in physical and chemical processes;
(ii) interpret graphical representations of heat changes;
(iii) relate the physical state of a substance to the degree of orderliness;
(iv) determine the conditions for spontaneity of a reaction ;
(v) relate ∆H⁰, ∆S⁰ and ∆G⁰ as the driving forces for chemical reactions; and
(vi) solve simple problems based on the relationships ∆G⁰= ∆H⁰ -T∆S⁰
12Rates of Chemical Reaction
Topics / contents / notes
(a) Elementary treatment of the following factors which can change the rate of a chemical reaction;
(i) Temperature e.g. the reaction between HCl and Na₂S₂O₃ or Mg and HCl
(ii) Concentration/ Pressure e.g. the reaction between HCl and Na₂S₂O₃, HCl and marble and the iodine clock reaction. For gaseous systems, pressure may be used as concentration term
(iii) Surface area e.g. the reaction between marble and HCl with marble in:
(i) powdered form; and
(ii) lumps of the same mass.
(iv) Catalyst e.g. the decomposition of H₂O₂ or KClO₃ in the presence or absence of MnO₂
(b) Reaction rate curves
(c) Activation energy Qualitative treatment of Arrhenius’ law and the collision theory, effect of light on some reactions e.g. halogenation of alkanes
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
(i) identify the factors that affect the rates of a chemical reaction;
(ii) determine the effects of temperature on the rate of reactions;
(iii) examine the effect of concentration/ pressure on the rate of a chemical reaction;
(iv) describe how the rate of a chemical is affected by surface area;
(v) determine the types of catalysts suitable for different reactions and their effects;
(vi) determine ways of moderating these effects in chemical reactions;
(vii) interpret reaction rate curves;
(viii) solve simple problems on the rate of reactions;
(ix) relate the rate of reaction to the kinetic theory of matter;
(x) examine the significance of activation energy to chemical reactions; and
(xi) deduce the value of activation energy(Ea) from reaction rate curves.
13Chemical Equilibra
Topics / contents / notes
Reversible reactions and factors governing the equilibrium position. Dynamic equilibrium. Le Chatelier’s principle and its industrial applications, equilibrium constant. Simple examples to include action of steam on iron and N₂O ₄ 2NO₂ No calculation will be required
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
(i) identify the factors that affect the position of equilibrium of a chemical reaction;
(ii) predict the effects of each factor on the position of equilibrium; (iii)specify the industrial processes where Le Chatelier’s principle is required; and
(iv) determine the effects of these factors on equilibrium constant.
14Non-metals and their Compounds
Topics / contents / notes
(a) Hydrogen: commercial production from water gas and cracking of petroleum fractions, laboratory preparation, properties, uses and test for hydrogen
(b) Halogens: Chlorine as a representative element of the halogens. Laboratory preparation, industrial preparation by electrolysis, properties and uses, e.g. water sterilization, bleaching, manufacture of HCl, plastics and insecticides
Hydrogen chloride and Hydrochloric acid: Preparation and properties. Chlorides and test for chlorides.
(c) Oxygen and Sulphur
(i) Oxygen: Laboratory preparation, properties and
uses. Commercial production from liquid air. Oxides: Acidic, basic, amphoteric and neutral, trioxygen (ozone) as an allotrope and the importance of ozone in the atmosphere
Water – Water as a product of the combustion of hydrogen and its composition by volume. Water as solvent, atmospheric gases dissolved in water and their biological significance. Hard and soft water: Temporary and permanent hardness and methods of softening hard water. Treatment of water for town supply. Water of crystallization, efflorescence, deliquescence and hygroscopy. Example of the substances exhibiting these properties and their uses
(ii) Sulphur: Uses and allotropes: preparation of allotropes is not expected . Preparation, properties and uses of sulphur(IV) oxide, the reaction of SO₂with alkalis. Trioxosulphate (IV) acid and its salts, the effect of acids on salts of trioxosulphate(IV), Tetraoxosulphate(VI) acid: Commercial preparation (contact process only), properties as a dilute acid, an oxidizing and a dehydrating agents and
uses. Test for SO₄²⁻,SO₃²⁻ ,SO₂ Hydrogen sulphide: Preparation and properties as a weak acid, reducing and precipitating agents. Test for S²⁻, H₂S
(d) Nitrogen:
(i) Laboratory preparation
(ii) Production from liquid air
(iii) Ammonia: Laboratory and industrial preparations (Haber Process only), properties and uses, ammonium salts and their uses, oxidation of ammonia to nitrogen (IV) oxide and trioxonitrate (V) acid. Test for NH₄⁺, NO₂, NH₃
(iv) Trioxonitrate (V) acid: Laboratory preparation from ammonia; properties and uses. Trioxonitrate (V) salt- action of heat and uses. Test for NO₃⁻, and other oxides of nitrogen
(v) Oxides of nitrogen: properties
(vi) The nitrogen cycle
(e) Carbon:
(i) Allotropes: Uses and properties
(ii) Carbon(IV) oxide, Laboratory preparation, Properties and uses. Action of heat on trioxocarbonate(IV) salts and test for CO₃²⁻, HCO₃⁻, CO₂
(iii) Carbon(II) oxide: Laboratory preparation, properties including its effect on blood, sources of carbon (II) oxide to include charcoal, fire and exhaust fumes
(iv) Coal: Different types, products obtained from destructive distillation of wood and coal
(v) Coke: Gasification and uses. Manufacture of synthesis gas and uses
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
(i) predict reagents for the laboratory and industrial preparation of these gases and their compounds;
(ii) identify the properties of the gases and their compounds;
(iii) compare the properties of these gases and their compounds;
(iv) specify the uses of each gas and its compounds;
(v) determine the specific test for each gas and its compounds;
(vi) determine specific tests for Cl⁻,
(vii) predict the reagents for preparation, properties and uses of HCl and HCl ;
(g) (aq)
(viii) identify the allotropes of oxygen;
(ix) determine the significance of ozone to our environment;
(x) classify the oxides of oxygen and their properties;
(xi) identify the various uses of water;
(xii) identify the effects of dissolved atmospheric gases in water;
(xiii) distinguish between the properties of hard and soft water;
(xiv) determine the causes of hardness;
(xv) identify methods of removal of hardness;
(xvi) describe the processes involved in the treatment of water for town supply;
(xvii) distinguish between these phenomena;
(xviii) identify the various compounds that exhibit these phenomena;
(xix) identify the allotropes of sulphur and their uses;
(xx) predict the reagents for preparation, properties and uses of SO₂and H₂S;
(xxi) specify the preparations of H₂SO₄ and H₂SO₃, their properties and uses;
(xxii) determine specific tests for S²⁻, SO₄²⁻ , H₂S, SO₂, SO₃⁻
(xxiii) specify the laboratory and industrial preparation of NH₃ ;
(xxiv) identify the properties and uses of NH₃;
(xxv) determine specific test for NH₄⁺ , NH₃;
(xxvi) identify reagents for the laboratory preparation of HNO₃, its properties and uses;
(xxvii) specify the properties of N₂O, NO, NO₂ gases;
(xxviii) determine the specific test for N₂O , NO and NO₃⁻;
(xxix) examine the relevance of nitrogen cycle to the environment;
(xxx) identify allotropes of carbon;
(xxxi) predict reagents for the laboratory preparation of CO₂;
(xxxii) specify the properties of CO₂ and its uses;
(xxxiii) determine the reagents for the laboratory preparation of CO;
(xxxiv) predict the effects of CO on human;
(xxxv) determine the specific tests for HCO₃⁻, CO₃²⁻, CO₂;
(xxxvi) identify the different forms of coal;
(xxxvii) determine their uses;
(xxxviii) specify the products of the destructive distillation of wood and coal; and
(xxxix) specify the uses of coke and synthesis gas.
15Metals and their Compounds
Topics / contents / notes
(a) General properties of metals
(b) Alkali metals e.g. sodium
(i) Sodium hydroxide:- Production by electrolysis of brine, its action on aluminium, zinc and lead ions. Uses including precipitation of metallic hydroxides
(ii) Sodium trioxocarbonate (IV) and sodium hydrogen trioxocarbonate (IV): Production by Solvay process, properties and uses, e.g. Na₂CO₃ in the manufacture of glass.
(iii) Sodium chloride: its occurrence in sea water and uses, the economic importance of sea water and the recovery of sodium chloride, test for Na⁺
(c) Alkaline-earth metals, e.g. calcium; calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide and calcium trioxocarbonate (IV); Properties and uses. Preparation of calcium oxide from sea shells, the chemical composition of cement and the setting of mortar. Test for Ca²⁺
(d) Aluminium Purification of bauxite, electrolytic extraction, properties and uses of aluminium and its compounds. Test for A1³⁺
(e) Tin Extraction from its ores Properties and uses
(f) Metals of the first transition series. Characteristic properties:
(i) electron configuration
(ii) oxidation states
(iii) complex ion formation
(iv) formation of coloured ions
(v) catalysis
(g) Iron Extraction from sulphide and oxide ores, properties and uses, different forms of iron, their properties and advantages of steel over iron. Test for Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺
(h) Copper Extraction from sulphide and oxide ores, properties and uses of copper. Preparation and uses of copper( II ) tetraoxosulphate(VI). Test for Cu²⁺
(i) Alloy Steel, stainless steel, brass, bronze, type-metal, duralumin, soft solder, permallory and alnico (constituents and uses only)
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
(i) specify the general properties of metals;
(ii) determine the method of extraction suitable for each metal;
(iii) relate the methods of extraction to the properties for the metals;
(iv) compare the chemical reactivities of the metals;
(v) specify the uses of the metals;
(vi) determine specific test for metallic ions;
(vii) determine the process for the production of the compounds of these metals;
(viii) compare the chemical reactivities of the compounds;
(ix) specify the uses of these compounds;
(x) specify the chemical composition of cement;
(xi) describe the method of purification of bauxite;
(xii) specify the ores of tin;
(xiii) relate the method of extraction to its properties;
(xiv) specify the uses of tin;
(xv) identify the general properties of the first transition metals;
(xvi) deduce reasons for the specific properties of the transition metals;
(xvii) determine the IUPAC names of simple transition metal complexes;
(xviii) determine the suitable method of extraction of iron;
(xix) specify the properties and uses of iron;
(xx) identify the different forms of iron, their compositions, properties and uses;
(xxi) identify the appropriate method of extraction of copper from its compounds;
(xxii) relate the properties of copper and its compound to their uses;
(xxiii) specify the method for the preparation of CuSO₄;
(xxiv) specify the constituents and uses of the various alloys mentioned; and
(xxv) compare the properties and uses of alloys to pure metals.
16Organic Compounds
Topics / contents / notes
An introduction to the tetravalency of carbon, the general formula, IUPAC nomenclature and the determination of empirical formula of each class of the organic compounds mentioned below
(a) Aliphatic hydrocarbons
(i) Alkanes Homologous series in relation to physical properties, substitution reaction and a few examples and uses of halogenated products. Isomerism: structural only (examples on isomerism should not go beyond six carbon atoms). Petroleum: composition, fractional distillation and major products; cracking and reforming, Petrochemicals – starting materials of organic syntheses, quality of petrol and meaning of octane number
(ii) Alkenes Isomerism: structural and geometric isomerism, additional and polymerization reactions, polythene and synthetic rubber as examples of products of polymerization and its use in vulcanization
(iii) Alkynes Ethyne – production from action of water on carbides, simple reactions and properties of ethyne
(b) Aromatic hydrocarbons e.g. benzene – structure, properties and uses
(c) Alkanols Primary, secondary, tertiary – production of ethanol by fermentation and from petroleum by-products. Local examples of fermentation and distillation, e.g.gin from palm wine and other local sources and glycerol as a polyhydric alkanol Reactions of OH group – oxidation as a distinguishing test among primary, secondary and tertiary alkanols (Lucas test)
(d) Alkanals and alkanones Chemical test to distinguish between alkanals and alkanones
(e) Alkanoic acids Chemical reactions; neutralization and esterification, ethanedioic (oxalic) acid as an example of a dicarboxylic acid and benzene carboxylic acid as an example of an aromatic acid
(f) Alkanoates Formation from alkanoic acids and alkanols – fats and oils as alkanoates Saponification: Production of soap and margarine from alkanoates and distinction between detergents and soaps
(g) Amines (Alkanamines)- primary, secondary, and tertiary
(h) Carbohydrates Classification – mono-, di- and polysaccharides; composition, chemical tests for simple sugars and reaction with concentrated tetraoxosulphate (VI) acid. Hydrolysis of complex sugars e.g. cellulose from cotton and starch from cassava, the uses of sugar and starch in the production of alcoholic beverages, pharmaceuticals and textiles
(i) Proteins: Primary structures, hydrolysis and tests (Ninhydrin, Biuret, Millon’s and xanthoproteic) Enzymes and their functions
(j) Polymers: Natural and synthetic rubber; addition and condensation polymerization. Methods of preparation, examples and uses Thermoplastic and thermosetting plastics
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
(i) derive the name of organic compounds from their general formulae;
(ii) relate the name of a compound to its structure;
(iii) relate the tetravalency of carbon to its ability to form chains of compound (catenation);
(iv) classify compounds according to their functional groups;
(v) derive empirical formula and molecular formula from given data;
(vi) relate structure/functional groups to specific properties;
(vii) derive various isomeric forms from a given formula;
(viii) distinguish between the different types of isomerism;
(ix) classify the various types of hydrocarbons;
(x) distinguish each class of hydrocarbons by their properties;
(xi) specify the uses of various hydrocarbons;
(xii) identify crude oil as a complex mixture of hydrocarbons;
(xiii) relate the fractions of hydrocarbons to their properties and uses;
(xiv) relate transformation processes to quality improvement of the fractions;
(xv) distinguish between various polymerization processes;
(xvi) specify the process involved in vulcanization;
(xvii) specify chemical test for alkenes;
(xviii) specify chemical test for terminal alkynes;
(xix) distinguish between aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons;
(xx) relate the properties of benzene to its structure;
(xxi) compare the various classes of alkanols;
(xxii) determine the processes involved in ethanol production;
(xxiii) examine the importance of ethanol as an alternative energy provider;
(xxiv) distinguish the various classes of alkanols;
(xxv) differentiate between alkanals and alkanones;
(xxvi) compare the various types of alkanoic acids;
(xxvii) identify natural sources of alkanoates;
(xxviii) infer products of alkanoic acids and alkanols;
(xxix) specify the methods for the production of soap, detergent and margarine.
(xxx) distinguish between detergent and soap;
(xxxi) compare the various classes of alkanamine;
(xxxii) identify the natural sources of carbohydrates;
(xxxiii) compare the various classes of carbohydrates; (xxxiv)infer the products of hydrolysis and dehydration of carbohydrates;
(xxxv) determine the uses of carbohydrates;
(xxxvi) specify the tests for simple sugars;
(xxxvii) identify the basic structure of proteins;
(xxxviii) specify the methods and products of hydrolysis;
(xxxix) specify the various tests for proteins;
(xl) distinguish between natural and synthetic polymers; (xli) differentiate between addition and condensation polymerization processes; (xlii) classify natural and commercial polymers and their uses; and (xliii) distinguish between thermoplastics and thermosetting plastics.
17Chemistry and Industry
Topics / contents / notes
Chemical industries: Types, raw materials and relevance. Biotechnology
Objectives
Candidates should be able to :
(j) classify chemical industries in terms of products;
(ii) identify raw materials for each industry;
(iii) distinguish between fine and heavy chemicals;
(iv) enumerate the relevance of each of these industries; and
(v) relate industrial processes to biotechnology.
1818.Astronomical Chemistry
Topics / contents / notes
Solar system, planets, satellite and the composition of the earth – atmosphere, lithosphere and hydrosphere
Objectives
Candidates should be able to :
(i) state the composition of the solar system;
(ii) list the planets;
(iii) identify the segments of the earth ;
(iv) name the natural satellite on the earth; and
(v) identify the smallest planet that is also the farthest from the sun.
RECOMMENDED TEXTS
- 1. Ababio, O. Y. (2009). New School Chemistry for Senior Secondary Schools (Fourth edition), Onitsha: Africana FIRST Publishers Limited.
- 2. Bajah, S.T., Teibo, B. O., Onwu, G. and Obikwere, A. Book 1 (1999). Senior Secondary Chemistry, Books 2 and 3 (2000). Lagos: Longman.
- 3. Ojokuku, G. O. (2012).Understanding Chemistry for Schools and Colleges, (Revised Edition), Zaria: Press-On Chemresources.
- 4. Odesina, I. A. (2008). Essential: Chemistry for Senior Secondary Schools, (2nd Edition), Lagos: Tonad Publishers Limited.
- 5. Uche, I. O., Adenuga, I. J. and Iwuagwu, S. L. (2003).Countdown to WASSCE/SSCE, NECO, JME Chemistry, Ibadan: Evans.
Physics
40 topicsOfficial JAMB syllabus
General objectives
The aim of the Unified Tertiary Matriculation Examination (UTME) syllabus in Physics is
to prepare the candidates for the Board’s examination. It is designed to test their
achievement of the course objectives, which are to:
objectivity;
and concepts.
- (1) sustain their interest in physics;
- (2) develop attitude relevant to physics that encourage accuracy, precision and
- (3) interpret physical phenomena, laws, definitions, concepts and other theories;
- (4) demonstrate the ability to solve correctly physics problems using relevant theories
1MEASUREMENTS AND UNITS
Topics / contents / notes
(ai) Fundamental Units: Length, mass, time, electric charge, temperature, luminous intensity, amount of substance.
(aii) Derived Units: Weight, area, volume, force, speed etc.
(b) Measuring Instruments: venier caliper, metre rule, micrometer screw gauge, measuring cylinder, stop watch and beam balance.
(c) Fundamental physical quantities
(d) Derived physical quantities and their units
(i) Combinations of fundamental quantities and determination of their units;
(e) Dimensions
(i) definition of dimensions
(ii) simple examples
(f) Limitations of experimental measurements
(i) accuracy of measuring instruments;
(ii) simple estimation of errors;
(iii) significant figures;
(iv) standard form.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. identify the units of length, area and volume;
ii. use different measuring instruments;
iii. determine the lengths, surface areas and volume of regular and irregular bodies;
iv. identify the unit of mass;
v. use simple beam balance, e.g. Buchart’s balance and chemical balance;
vi. identify the unit of time;
vii. use different time-measuring devices;
viii. relate the fundamental physical quantities to their units;
ix. deduce the units of derived physical quantities;
x. determine the dimensions of physical quantities;
xi. use the dimensions to determine the units of physical quantities;
xii. test the homogeneity of an equation;
xiii. determine the accuracy of measuring instruments;
xiv. estimate simple errors;
xv. express measurements in standard form.
2Scalars and Vectors
Topics / contents / notes
(i) definition of scalar and vector quantities;
(ii) examples of scalar and vector quantities;
(iii) relative velocity;
(iv) resolution of vectors into two perpendicular directions including graphical methods of solution.
(2b) Measurement, position, distance and displacement
(a) concept of displacement;
(ii) distinction between distance and displacement;
(iii) concept of position and coordinates;
(iv) frame of reference.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. distinguish between scalar and vector quantities;
ii. give examples of scalar and vector quantities;
iii. determine the resultant of two or more vectors;
iv. determine relative velocity;
v. resolve vectors into two perpendicular components;
vi. use graphical methods to solve vector problems.
i. use strings, meter rule and engineering calipers, vernier calipers and micrometer, screw guage;
ii. note the degree of accuracy;
iii. identify distance travel in a specified direction;
iv. use compass and protractor to locate points/directions;
v. use Cartesians systems to locate positions in x-y plane;
vi. plot graph and draw inference from the graph.
3Motion
Topics / contents / notes
(a) Newton’s laws of motion:
(i) inertia, mass and force;
(ii) relationship between mass and acceleration;
(iii) impulse and momentum;
(iv) force – time graph;
(v) conservation of linear momentum (Coefficient of restitution not necessary).
(b)Types of motion: translational, oscillatory, rotational, spin and random
(c) Relative motion
(d) Causes of motion
(e) Types of force
(i) contact
(ii) force field
(f) linear motion
(i) speed, velocity and acceleration;
(ii) equations of uniformly accelerated motion;
(iii) motion under gravity;
(iv) distance-time graph and velocity time graph;
(v) instantaneous velocity and acceleration.
(g) Projectiles:
(i) calculation of range, maximum height and time of flight from the ground and a height;
(ii) applications of projectile motion.
(h) Motion in a circle:
(i) angular velocity and angular acceleration;
(ii) centripetal and centrifugal forces;
(iii) applications.
(i) Simple Harmonic Motion (S.H.M):
(i) definition and explanation of simple harmonic motion;
(ii) examples of systems that execute S.H.M;
(iii) period, frequency and amplitude of S.H.M;
(iv) velocity and acceleration of S.H.M;
(i) simple treatment of energy change in S.H.M;
(ii) force vibration and resonance (simple treatment).
Objectives
Candidates should be able to;
i. identify different types of motion;
ii. solve numerical problem on collinear motion;
iii. identify force as cause of motion;
iv. identify push and pull as forms of force;
v. identify electric and magnetic attractions, gravitational pull as forms of field forces;
vi. differentiate between speed, velocity and acceleration;
vii. deduce equations of uniformly accelerated motion;
viii. solve problems of motion under gravity;
ix. interpret distance-time graph and velocity-time graph;
x. compute instantaneous velocity and acceleration;
xi. establish expressions for the range, maximum height and time of flight of projectiles, rockets, missles;
xii. solve problems involving projectile motion;
xiii. solve numerical problems involving impulse and momentum;
xiv. interpretation of area under force – time graph;
xv. interpret Newton’s laws of motion;
xvi. compare inertia, mass and force;
xvii. deduce the relationship between mass and acceleration;
xviii. interpret the law of conservation of linear momentum and application;
xix. establish expression for angular velocity, angular acceleration and centripetal force;
xx. solve numerical problems involving motion in a circle;
xxi. establish the relationship between period and frequency;
xxii. analyse the energy changes occurring during S.H.M; xxiii. identify different types of forced vibration;
xxiv. enumerate applications of resonance.
44 Gravitational field
Topics / contents / notes
(i) Newton’s law of universal gravitation;
(ii) gravitational potential;
(iii) conservative and non-conservative fields;
(iv) acceleration due to gravity;
(v) variation of g on the earth’s surface;
(vi) distinction between mass and weight escape velocity;
(vii) parking orbit and weightlessness.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. identify the expression for gravitational force between two bodies;
ii. apply Newton’s law of universal gravitation;
iii. give examples of conservative and non- conservative fields;
iv. deduce the expression for gravitational field potentials;
v. identify the causes of variation of g on the earth’s surface;
vi. differentiate between mass and weight;
vii. determine escape velocity.
viii. Relate the expression for gravitational force between two bodies
ix. Apply Newton’s law of Universal gravitation.
5Equilibrium of Forces
Topics / contents / notes
(a) equilibrium of particles:
(i) equilibrium of coplanar forces;
(ii) triangles and polygon of forces;
(iii) Lami’s theorem.
(b) principles of moments
(i) moment of a force;
(ii) simple treatment and moment of a couple (torque);
(iii) applications.
(c) conditions for equilibrium of rigid bodies under the action of parallel and non- parallel forces
(i) resolution and composition of forces in two perpendicular directions;
(ii) resultant and equilibrant.
(d) centre of gravity and stability
(i) stable, unstable and neutral equilibra.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. apply the conditions for the equilibrium of coplanar forces to solve problems;
ii. use triangle and polygon laws of forces to solve equilibrium problems;
iii. use Lami’s theorem to solve problems;
iv. analyse the principle of moment of a force;
v. determine moment of a force and couple;
vi. describe some applications of moment of a force and couple;
vii. apply the conditions for the equilibrium of rigid bodies to solve problems;
viii. resolve forces into two perpendicular directions;
ix. determine the resultant and equilibrant of forces;
x. differentiate between stable, unstable and neutral equilibra.
6Friction
Topics / contents / notes
(i) static and dynamic friction;
(ii) coefficient of limiting friction and its determination;
(iii) advantages and disadvantages of friction
(iv) reduction of friction;
(v) qualitative treatment of viscosity and terminal velocity;
(vi) Stoke’s law.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. differentiate between static and dynamic friction;
ii. determine the coefficient of limiting friction;
iii. compare the advantages and disadvantages of friction;
iv. suggest ways by which friction can be reduced;
v. analyse factors that affect viscosity and terminal velocity;
vi. apply Stoke’s law.
7Work, Energy and Power
Topics / contents / notes
(i) definition of work, energy and power;
(ii) forms of energy;
(iii) conservation of energy;
(iv) qualitative treatment between different forms of energy;
(v) interpretation of area under the force- distance curve.
(b) Energy and society
(i) sources of energy;
(ii) renewable and non-renewable energy e.g., coal, crude oil sun, wind etc.;
(iii) uses of energy;
(iv) energy and development;
(v) energy diversification;
(vi) environmental impact of energy e.g., global warming, greenhouse effect and spillage;
(vii) energy crises;
(viii) conversion of energy;
(ix) devices used in energy production.
(c) Dams and energy production
(i) location of dams
(ii) energy production
(d) nuclear energy
(e) solar energy
(i) photoelectric effect
(ii) solar collector;
(iii) solar panel for energy supply.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. differentiate between work, energy and power;
ii. compare different forms of energy, giving examples;
iii. apply the principle of conservation of energy;
iv. examine the transformation between different forms of energy;
v. interpret the area under the force – distance curve.
vi. solve numerical problems in work, energy and power.
vii. itemize the sources of energy;
viii. distinguish between renewable and non- renewable energy, examples should be given;
ix. identify methods of energy transition;
x. explain the importance of energy in the development of the society;
xi. analyze the effect of energy use to the environment;
xii. identify the impact of energy on the environment;
xiii. identify energy sources that are friendly or hazardous to the environment;
xiv. identify energy uses in their immediate environment;
xv. suggests ways of safe energy use
xvi. state different forms of energy conversion.
xvii. Photovoltaic cells
xviii. Work function (φ= hf)
xix. Planck’s constant
8Simple Machines
Topics / contents / notes
(i) definition of simple machines;
(ii) types of machines;
(iii) mechanical advantage, velocity ratio and efficiency of machines.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. identify different types of simple machines;
ii. solve problems involving simple machines.
9Elasticity: Hooke’s law and Young’s modulus;
Topics / contents / notes
(i) elastic limit, yield point, breaking point,
(ii) the spring balance as a device for measuring force; (iii.) work done per unit volume in springs and elastic strings;
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. interpret force-extension curves;
ii. interpret Hooke’s law and Young’s modulus of a material; iii use spring balance to measure force;
iv. determine the work done in spring and elastic strings.
10Pressure
Topics / contents / notes
(a) Atmospheric Pressure
(i) definition of atmospheric pressure;
(ii) units of pressure (S.I) units (Pa);
(iii) measurement of pressure;
(iv) simple mercury barometer; aneroid barometer and manometer;
(v) variation of pressure with height;
(vi) the use of barometer as an altimeter.
(b) Pressure in liquids
(i) the relationship between pressure, depth and density (P = ρgh)
(ii) transmission of pressure in liquids (Pascal’s Principle)
(iii) application
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. recognize the S.I units of pressure (Pa);
ii. identify pressure measuring instruments;
iii. relate the variation of pressure to height;
iv. use a barometer as an altimeter;
v. determine the relationship between pressure depth and density; vi apply the principle of transmission of pressure in liquids to solve problems;
vii. determine and apply the principle of pressure in liquid.
11Liquids At Rest
Topics / contents / notes
(i) determination of density of solids and liquids
(ii) definition of relative density
(iii) upthrust on a body immersed in a liquid
(iv) Archimedes’ principle and law of floatation and applications, e.g., ships and hydrometers.
Objectives
i. distinguish between density and relative density of substances;
ii. determine the upthrust on a body immersed in a liquid;
iii. apply Archimedes’ principle and law of floatation to solve problems.
12Temperature and Its Measurement
Topics / contents / notes
(i) concept of temperature
(ii) thermometric properties
(iii) calibration of thermometers
(iv) temperature scales –Celsius and Kelvin.
(v) types of thermometers
(vi) conversion from one scale of temperature to another
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. identify thermometric properties of materials that are used for different thermometers;
ii. calibrate thermometers;
iii. differentiate between temperature scales e.g. Celsius, Fahrenheit and Kelvin;
iv. compare the types of thermometers;
vi. convert from one scale of temperature to another.
13Quantity of Heat
Topics / contents / notes
(i) heat as a form of energy;
(ii) definition of heat capacity and specific heat capacity of solids and liquids;
(iv) determination of heat capacity and specific heat capacity of substances by simple methods e.g. method of mixtures and electrical method and Newton’s law of cooling.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. differentiate between heat capacity and specific heat capacity;
ii. determine heat capacity and specific heat capacity using simple methods;
iii. solve numerical problems.
14Change of State
Topics / contents / notes
(i) latent heat;
(ii) specific latent heats of fusion and vaporization;
(iii) melting, evaporation and boiling;
(iv) the influence of pressure and of dissolved substances on boiling and melting points;
(v) application in appliances.
Objectives
i. differentiate between latent heat and specific latent heats of fusion and vaporization;
ii. differentiate between melting, evaporation and boiling;
iii. examine the effects of pressure and of dissolved substance on boiling and melting points.
iv. solve numerical problems.
15Thermal Expansion
Topics / contents / notes
(a) Solids
(i) definition and determination of linear, volume and area expansivities;
(ii) effects and applications, e.g., expansion in building strips and railway lines;
(iii) relationship between different expansivities.
(b) Liquids
(i) volume expansivity;
(ii) real and apparent expansivities;
(iii) determination of volume expansivity;
(iv) anomalous expansion of water.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. determine linear and volume expansivities;
ii. assess the effects and applications of thermal expansivities;
iii. determine the relationship between different expansivities;
iv. determine volume, apparent, and real expansivities of liquids;
v. analyse the anomalous expansion of water.
16Gas Laws
Topics / contents / notes
(i) Boyle’s law (isothermal process)
(ii) Charle’s law (isobaric process)
(iii) Pressure law (volumetric process)
(iv) absolute zero of temperature
(v) general gas equation: P V ( = constant) T
(vi) ideal gas equation e.g., Pv = nRT
(iv) Van der waal gas
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. interpret the gas laws;
ii. use expression of these laws to solve numerical problems;
iii. interpret Van der waal equation for one mole of a real gas.
17Vapours
Topics / contents / notes
(i) unsaturated and saturated vapours;
(ii) relationship between saturated vapour pressure (S.V.P) and boiling;
(iii) determination of S.V.P by barometer tube method;
(iv) formation of dew, mist, fog, cloud and rain;
(v) study of dew point, humidity and relative humidity;
(vi) hygrometry; estimation of the humidity of the atmosphere using wet and dry bulb hygrometers.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. distinguish between saturated and unsaturated vapours;
ii. relate saturated vapour pressure to boiling point;
iii. determine S.V.P by barometer tube method;
iv. differentiate between dew point, humidity and relative humidity;
vi. estimate the humidity of the atmosphere using wet and dry bulb hygrometers;
vii. solve numerical problems.
18Structure of Matter and Kinetic Theory
Topics / contents / notes
(a) Molecular nature of matter
(i) atoms and molecules;
(ii) molecular theory: explanation of Brownian motion, diffusion, surface tension, capillarity, adhesion, cohesion and angles of contact e.tc; law of definite proportion;
(iii) examples and applications.
(b) Kinetic Theory
(i) assumptions of the kinetic theory
(ii) using the theory to explain the pressure exerted by gas, Boyle’s law, Charles’ law, melting, boiling, vapourization, change in temperature, evaporation, etc.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. differentiate between atoms and molecules;
ii. use molecular theory to explain Brownian motion, diffusion, surface, tension, capillarity, adhesion, cohesion and angle of contact;
iii. examine the assumptions of kinetic theory;
iv. interpret kinetic theory, the pressure exerted by gases, Boyle’s law, Charles’s law, melting, boiling, vaporization, change in temperature, evaporation, etc.
19Heat Transfer
Topics / contents / notes
(i) conduction, convection and radiation as modes of heat transfer;
(ii) temperature gradient, thermal conductivity and heat flux;
(iii) effect of the nature of the surface on the energy radiated and absorbed by it;
(iv) the conductivities of common materials;
(v) the thermos flask/vacuum flask;
(vi) land and sea breeze;
(vii) combustion engines.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. differentiate between conduction, convection and radiation as modes of heat transfer;
ii. solve problems on temperature gradient, thermal conductivity and heat flux;
iii. assess the effect of the nature of the surface on the energy radiated and absorbed by it;
iv. compare the conductivities of common materials;
v. relate the component part of the working of the thermos flask;
vi. differentiate between land and sea breeze;
vii. analyse the principles of operating internal combustion jet engines, rockets.
viii. understand the advantages and disadvantages of electric engine over combustion engine.
20Waves
Topics / contents / notes
(a) Production and Propagation
(i) wave motion;
(ii) vibrating systems as source of waves;
(iii) waves as mode of energy transfer;
(iv) distinction between particle motion and wave motion;
(v) relationship between frequency, wavelength and wave velocity (V=f λ);
(vi) phase difference, wave number and wave vector;
(vii) progressive wave equation e.g. Y = A sin (2π/λ)(vt ± x)
(b) Classification
(i) types of waves; mechanical and electromagnetic waves;
(ii) longitudinal and transverse waves;
(iii) stationary and progressive waves;
(iv) examples of waves from springs, ropes, stretched strings and the ripple tank.
(c) Characteristics/Properties
(i) reflection, refraction, diffraction and plane polarization;
(ii) superposition of waves e.g., interference
(iii) Beats;
(iv) Doppler effects (qualitative treatment only).
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. interpret wave motion;
ii. identify vibrating systems as sources of waves; iii use waves as a mode of energy transfer; iv distinguish between particle motion and wave motion;
v. relate frequency and wave length to wave velocity;
vi. determine phase difference, wave number and wave vector;
vii. use the progressive wave equation to compute basic wave parameters;
viii. examples in wave equations;
ix. differentiate between mechanical and electromagnetic waves;
x. differentiate between longitudinal and transverse waves;
xi. distinguish between stationary and progressive waves;
xii. indicate the example of waves generated from springs, ropes, stretched strings and the ripple tank;
xiii. differentiate between reflection, refraction, diffraction and plane polarization of waves;
xiv. analyse the principle of superposition of waves;
xv. solve numerical problems on waves explain the phenomenon of beat, beat frequency and uses;
xvi. explain Doppler effect of sound and application
21Propagation of Sound Waves
Topics / contents / notes
(i) the necessity for a material medium;
(ii) speed of sound in solids, liquids and air;
(iii) reflection of sound; echoes, reverberation and their applications;
(iv) advantages and disadvantages of echoes and reverberations.
Objectives
i. determine the need for a material medium in the propagation of sound waves;
ii. compare the speed of sound in solids, liquids and air;
iii. relate the effects of temperature and pressure to the speed of sound in air;
iv. solve problem on echoes, reverberation and speed;
v. compare the disadvantages and advantages of echoes.
vi. solve problems on echo, reverberation and speed of sound.
22Characteristics of Sound Waves
Topics / contents / notes
(i) noise and musical notes;
(ii) quality, pitch, intensity and loudness and their application to musical instruments;
(iii) simple treatment of harmonics and overtones produced by vibrating strings and their columns
F₀ = (1/2L)√(T/μ) (μ = m/ℓ)
(iv) acoustic examples of resonance;
(v) frequency of a note emitted by air columns in closed and open pipes in relation to their lengths.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. differentiate between noise and musical notes;
ii. analyse quality, pitch, intensity and loudness of sound notes;
iii. evaluate the application of (ii) above in the construction of musical instruments;
iv. identify overtones by vibrating stings and air columns;
iv. itemize acoustical examples of resonance;
vi. determine the frequencies of notes emitted by air columns in open and closed pipes in relation to their lengths.
23Light Energy
Topics / contents / notes
(a) Sources of Light
(i) natural and artificial sources of light;
(ii) luminous and non-luminous objects.
(b) Propagation of light
(i) speed, frequency and wavelength of light;
(ii) formation of shadows and eclipse;
(iii) the pin-hole camera.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. compare the natural and artificial sources of light;
ii. differentiate between luminous and non luminous objects;
iii. relate the speed, frequency and wavelength of light;
iv. interpret the formation of shadows and eclipses;
v. solve problems using the principle of operation of a pin-hole camera.
24Reflection of Light at Plane and Curved Surfaces
Topics / contents / notes
(i) laws of reflection;
(ii) application of reflection of light;
(iii) formation of images by plane, concave and convex mirrors and ray diagrams;
(iv) use of the mirror formula: 1/f = 1/u + 1/v
(v) linear and angular magnification.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. interpret the laws of reflection;
ii. illustrate the formation of images by plane, concave and convex mirrors;
iii. apply the mirror formula to solve optical problems;
iv. determine the linear magnification;
v. apply the laws of reflection of light to the working of periscope, kaleidoscope and the sextant.
25Refraction of Light Through at Plane and Curved Surfaces
Topics / contents / notes
(i) laws of refraction;
(ii) explanation of refraction in terms of velocity of light in the media;
(iii) definition of refractive index of a medium;
(iv) determination of refractive index of glass and liquid using Snell’s law;
(v) real and apparent depth and lateral displacement;
(vi) critical angle and total internal reflection.
(b) Glass Prism
(i) use of the minimum deviation formula:
U = sin[(A + D)/2] / sin[A/2]
(ii) type of lenses; triangular, rectangular etc.
(iii) use of lens formula: 1/f = 1/u + 1/v and Newton’s formular (F² = ab)
(v) magnification.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. interpret the laws of reflection;
ii. determine the refractive index of glass and liquid using Snell’s law;
iii. determination of focal length of curved surfaces
iv. determine the refractive index using the principle of real and apparent depth;
v. determine the conditions necessary for total internal reflection;
vi. examine the use of periscope, prism, binoculars, optical fibre;
vii. apply the principles of total internal reflection to the formation of mirage;
viii. use of lens formula and ray diagrams to solve optical numerical problems;
ix. determine the magnification of an image; x . calculate the refractive index of a glass prism using minimum deviation formula;
xi. ray tracing through optical prism.
26Optical Instruments
Topics / contents / notes
(i) general principles of microscopes, telescopes, projectors, cameras and the human eye (physiological details of the eye are not required);
(ii) power of a lens;
(iii) angular magnification;
(iv) near and far points;
(v) sight defects and their corrections.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. apply the principles of operation of optical instruments to solve problems;
ii. distinguish between the human eye and the cameras;
iii. calculate the power of a lens;
iv. evaluate the angular magnification of optical instruments;
v. determine the near and far points;
vi. detect sight defects and their corrections.
27Dispersion of light and colours
Topics / contents / notes
(i) dispersion of white light by a triangular Prism;
(ii) production of pure spectrum;
(iii) colour mixing by addition and subtraction;
(iv) colour of objects and colour filters;
(v) rainbow and formation.
(b)Electromagnetic spectrum
(i) description of sources and uses of various types of radiation.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. identify primary colours and obtain secondary colours by mixing;
ii. understand the formation of rainbow;
iii. deduce why objects have colours;
iv. analyse colours using colour filters;
v. analyse the electromagnetic spectrum in relation to their wavelengths, sources, detection and uses;
vi. define monochromatic light.
28Electrostatics
Topics / contents / notes
(i) existence of positive and negative charges in matter;
(ii) charging a body by friction, contact and induction;
(iii) electroscope;
(iv) Coulomb’s inverse square law, electric field and potential;
(v) electric field intensity, potential and potential difference;
(vi) electric discharge and lightning.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. identify charges;
ii. examine uses of an electroscope;
iii. apply Coulomb’s square law of electrostatics to solve problems;
iv. deduce expressions for electric field intensity and potential difference;
v. identify electric field flux patterns of isolated and interacting charges;
vi. analyse the distribution of charges on a conductor and how it is used in lightening conductors’
vii. charge a body by friction, induction and contant.
29Capacitors
Topics / contents / notes
(i) types and functions of capacitors;
(ii) parallel plate capacitors;
(iii) capacitance of a capacitor;
(iv) the relationship between capacitance, area separation of plates and medium between the plates
EA C = d
(v) capacitors in series and parallel;
(vi) energy stored in a capacitor.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. determine uses of capacitors;
ii. analyse parallel plate capacitors;
iii. determine the capacitance of a capacitor;
iv. analyse the factors that affect the capacitance of a capacitor;
v. solve problems involving the arrangement of a capacitor;
vi. determine the energy stored in capacitors.
30Electric Cells
Topics / contents / notes
(i) simple voltaic cell and its defects;
(ii) Daniel cell, Leclanche cell (wet and dry);
(iii) lead –acid accumulator and Nickel-Iron (Nife) Lithium lon and Mercury cadmium;
(iv) maintenance of cells and batteries (detail treatment of the chemistry of a cell is not required);
(vi) arrangement of cells;
(vii) efficiency of a cell.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. identify the defects of the simple voltaic cell and their correction;
ii. compare different types of cells including solar cell;
iii. compare the advantages of lead-acid and Nikel iron accumulator;
iv. solve problems involving series and parallel combination of cells.
31Current Electricity
Topics / contents / notes
(i) electromagnetic force (emf), potential difference (p.d.), current, internal resistance of a cell and lost Volt;
(ii) Ohm’s law, resistivity and conductivity;
(iii) measurement of resistance;
(iv) meter bridge;
(v) resistance in series and in parallel and their combination;
(vi) the potentiometer method of measuring emf, current and internal resistance of a cell.
(vii) electrical networks.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. differentiate between emf, p.d., current and internal resistant of a cell;
ii. apply Ohm’s law to solve problems;
iii. use metre bridge to calculate resistance;
iv. compute effective total resistance of both parallel and series arrangement of resistors;
v. determine the resistivity and the conductivity of a conductor;
vi. measure emf. current and internal resistance of a cell using the potentiometer;
vii. identify the advantages of the potentiometer;
viii. apply Kirchoff’s law in electrical networks.
32Electrical Energy and Power
Topics / contents / notes
(i) concepts of electrical energy and power;
(ii) commercial unit of electric energy and power;
(iii) electric power transmission
(v) heating effects of electric current;
(vi) electrical wiring of houses;
(vii) use of fuses.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. apply the expressions of electrical energy and power to solve problems;
ii. analyse how power is transmitted from the power station to the consumer;
iii. identify the heating effects of current and its uses;
iv. identify the advantages of parallel arrangement over series;
v. determine the fuse rating.
33Magnets and Magnetic Fields
Topics / contents / notes
(i) natural and artificial magnets;
(ii) magnetic properties of soft iron and steel;
(iii) methods of making magnets and demagnetization;
(iv) concept of magnetic field;
(v) magnetic field of a permanent magnet;
(vi) magnetic field round a straight current carrying conductor, circular wire and solenoid;
(vii) properties of the earth’s magnetic field; north and south poles, magnetic meridian and angle of dip and declination;
(viii) flux and flux density;
(ix) variation of magnetic field intensity over the earth’s surface
(x) applications: earth’s magnetic field in navigation and mineral exploration.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. give examples of natural and artificial magnets;
ii. differentiate between the magnetic properties of soft iron and steel;
iii. identify the various methods of making magnets and demagnetizing magnets;
iv. describe how to keep a magnet from losing its magnetism;
v. determine the flux pattern of an isolated magnet;
vi. determine the flux pattern exhibited when two magnets are placed together pole to pole;
vii. determine the flux of a current carrying conductor, circular wire and solenoid including the polarity of the solenoid;
viii. determine the flux pattern of a magnet placed in the earth’s magnetic fields;
ix. identify the magnetic elements of the earth’s flux;
x. determine the variation of earth’s magnetic field on the earth’s surface;
xi. examine the applications of the earth’s magnetic field.
34Force on a Current-Carrying Conductor in a Magnetic Field
Topics / contents / notes
(i) quantitative treatment of force between two parallel current-carrying conductors;
(ii) force on a charge moving in a magnetic field;
(iii) the d. c. motor;
(iv) electromagnets;
(v) carbon microphone;
(vi) moving coil and moving iron instruments;
(viii) conversion of galvanometers to ammeters and voltmeter using shunts and multipliers;
(ix) sensitivity of a galvanometer.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. determine the direction of force on a current carrying conductor using Fleming’s left-hand rule;
ii. interpret the attractive and repulsive forces between two parallel current- carrying conductors using diagrams;
iii. determine the relationship between the force, magnetic field strength, velocity and the angle through which the charge enters the field;
iv. interpret the working of the d. c. motor;
v. analyse the principle of electromagnets and give examples of its application;
vi. compare moving iron and moving coil instruments;
vii. convert a galvanometer into an ammeter or a voltmeter;
viii. identify the factors affecting the sensitivity of a galvanometer.
35Electromagnetic Induction
Topics / contents / notes
(i) Faraday’s laws of electromagnetic induction;
(ii) Lenz’s law as an illustration of the principle of conservation of energy;
(iii) factors affecting induced emf;
(iv) a.c. and d.c generators;
(v) transformers;
(vi) the induction coil.
(b) Inductance
(i) explanation of inductance;
(ii) unit of inductance;
(iii) energy stored in an inductor:
E=¹ I²L 2
(iv) application/uses of inductors.
(c) Eddy Current
(i) reduction of eddy current
(ii) applications of eddy current
(iii) effects of eddy current
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. interpret the laws of electromagnetic induction;
ii. identify factors affecting induced emf;
iii. recognize how Lenz’s law illustrates the principle of conservation of energy;
iv. interpret the diagrammatic set up of A. C. generators;
v. identify the types of transformer;
vi. examine principles of operation of transformers;
vii. assess the functions of an induction coil;
viii. draw some conclusions from the principles of operation of an induction coil;
ix. interpret the inductance of an inductor;
x. recognize units of inductance;
xi. calculate the effective total inductance in series and parallel arrangement;
xii. deduce the expression for the energy stored in an inductor;
xiii. examine the applications of inductors;
xiv. describe the method by which eddy current losses can be reduced;
xv. determine ways by which eddy currents can be used.
36Simple A. C. Circuits
Topics / contents / notes
(i) explanation of a.c. current and voltage;
(ii) peak and r.m.s. values;
(iii) a.c. source connected to a resistor;
(iv) a.c source connected to a capacitor- capacitive reactance;
(v) a.c source connected to an inductor inductive reactance;
(vi) R-L-C circuits;
(vii) vector diagram, phase angle and power factor;
(viii) resistance and impedance;
(ix) effective voltage in an R-L-C circuits;
(x) resonance and resonance frequency: F₀ = 1 / (2π√(LC))
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. identify a.c. current and d.c. voltage;
ii. differentiate between the peak and r.m.s. values of a.c.;
iii. determine the phase difference between current and voltage;
iv. interpret R-L-C circuits;
v. analyse vector diagrams;
vi. calculate the effective voltage, reactance and impedance;
vii. recognize the condition by which the circuit is at resonance;
viii. determine the resonant frequency of R-L-C arrangement;
ix. determine the instantaneous power, average power and the power factor in
a. c. circuits.
37Conduction of Electricity Through
Topics / contents / notes
(a) liquids
(i) electrolytes and non-electrolyte;
(ii) concept of electrolysis;
(iii) Faraday’s laws of electrolysis;
(iv) application of electrolysis, e.g., electroplating, calibration of ammeter etc.
(b) gases
(i) discharge through gases (qualitative treatment only);
(ii) application of conduction of electricity through gases;
Objectives
i. distinguish between electrolytes and non- electrolytes;
ii. analyse the processes of electrolysis;
iii. apply Faraday’s laws of electrolysis to solve problems;
iv. analyse discharge through gases;
v. determine some applications/uses of conduction of electricity through gases.
Candidates should be able to:
38Elementary Modern Physics
Topics / contents / notes
(i) Bohr’s theory, Rutherford’s theory and radioactivity;
(ii) models of the atom and their limitations;
(iii) elementary structure of the atom;
(iv) energy levels and spectra;
(v) thermionic and photoelectric emissions;
(vi) Einstein’s equation and stopping potential
(vii) applications of thermionic emissions and photoelectric effects;
(viii) simple method of production of x-rays;
(ix) properties and applications of alpha, beta and gamma rays;
(x) half-life and decay constant;
(xi) simple ideas of production of energy by fusion and fission;
(xii) binding energy, mass defect and Einstein’s Energy equation
[∆E = ∆Mc²]
(xiii) wave-particle (duality of matter);
(xiv) electron diffraction;
(xv) the uncertainty principle.
Objectives
i. identify the models of the atom and write their limitations;
ii. describe elementary structure of the atom;
iii. differentiate between the energy levels and spectra of atoms;
iv. compare thermionic emission and photoelectric emission;
v. apply Einstein’s equation to solve problems of photoelectric effect;
vi. calculate the stopping potential;
vii. relate some application of thermionic emission and photoelectric effects;
viii. interpret the process involved in the production of x-rays; ix dentify some properties and applications of x-rays;
x. analyse elementary radioactivity;
xi. distinguish between stable and unstable nuclei;
xii. identify isotopes of an element;
xiii. compare the properties of alpha, beta and gamma rays;
xiv. relate half-life and decay constant of a radioactive element;
xv. determine the binding energy, mass defect and Einstein’s energy equation;
xvi. analyse wave particle duality;
xvii. solve some numerical problems based on the uncertainty principle and wave – particle duality.
39Introductory Electronics
Topics / contents / notes
(i) distinction between metals, semiconductors and insulators (elementary knowledge of band gap is required);
(ii) intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors (n- type and p-type semiconductors);
(iii) uses of semiconductors and diodes in rectification and transistors in amplification;
(iv) elementary knowledge of diodes and transistors.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. differentiate between conductors, semi- conductors and insulators;
ii. distinguish between intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors;
iii. distinguish between electron and hole carriers;
iv. analyse diodes and transistor
vi. relate diodes to rectification and transistor to amplification.
40Introduction to fibre optics and lasers
Topics / contents / notes
(a) fibre optics
(b) Lasers
Objectives
Candidates should be able to;
(i) explain the concept of fibre optics;
(ii) understand the principle of transmission of light through an optical fibre;
(iii) apply the principle of fibre optics in Local Area Network (LAN), medicine, laser beam etc;
Candidates should be able to;
(i) understand the meaning of laser;
(ii) understand the various types of lasers (solid state, gas, liquid and semiconductor lasers);
(iii) apply the knowledge of lasers in scientific research, communication, medicine, military technology, holograms etc;
(iv) identify the dangers involved in using lasers.
RECOMMENDED TEXTS
- Ike, E.E. (2014). Essential Principles of Physics, Jos ENIC Publishers.
- Ike, E.E. (2014). Numerical Problems and Solutions in Physics, Jos: ENIC Publishers.
- Nelkon, M. (1977). Fundamentals of Physics, Great Britain: Hart Davis Education.
- Nelkon, M. and Parker … (1989). Advanced Level Physics, (Sixth Edition): Heinemann.
- Okeke, P.N. and Anyakoha, M.W. (2000). Senior Secondary School Physics, Lagos: Pacific Printers.
- Olumuyiwa, A. and Ogunkoya, O. O. (1992). Comprehensive Certificate Physics, Ibadan: University Press Plc. Orokpo, J.A. (2025). Ultimate UTME Preparatory Series Physics. Peridot Publishers and Printing Services Limited, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
Agricultural Science
41 topicsOfficial JAMB syllabus
General objectives
The aim of the Unified Tertiary Matriculation Examination syllabus in Agriculture is to prepare the candidates for the Board’s examination. It is designed to test their achievement of the course objectives, which are to:
The syllabus is divided into five sections as given below:
A. General Agriculture B. Agronomy C. Animal Production D. Agricultural Economics and Extension E. Agricultural Technology
- 1. stimulate and sustain their interest in Agriculture;
- 2. acquire basic knowledge and practical skills in Agriculture;
- 3. acquire the knowledge of interpretation and the use of data;
- 4. stimulate their ability to make deductions using the acquired knowledge in Agriculture.
SECTION A: General Agriculture
1Meaning and Scope of Agriculture
Topics / contents / notes
a. Definition of Agriculture
b. Branches of Agriculture
c. Types of Agriculture i.e., subsistence and commercial
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
use the definition of Agriculture in modern terms as it relates to production, processing and marketing.
differentiate between the various branches of Agriculture.
differentiate between the various types of Agriculture, their advantages and disadvantages and their respective problems.
2Importance of Agriculture
Topics / contents / notes
i. Provision of raw materials for agro- allied industries
ii. Provision of employment
iii. Development of rural areas, etc.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
relate agricultural benefits to individual farmers.
relate agro-allied industries to their respective raw materials.
relate the various contributions of Agriculture to economic development in West Africa.
3Agricultural Ecology
Topics / contents / notes
a. Ecological zones of West Africa
b. Agricultural products of each ecological zone
c. Environmental factors and their effects on crop and livestock production
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
differentiate between the features of the ecological zones in West Africa.
classify agricultural products according to each ecological zone.
differentiate abiotic from biotic factors affecting agricultural production.
4Agricultural Genetics
Topics / contents / notes
a. First and second laws of Mendel
b. Cell division
c. Terminologies e.g., locus, alleles, genotype, dominance
d. Methods of crop improvement e.g., introduction, selection, crossing, quarantine etc.
e. Methods of animal improvement e.g., introduction, breeding, quarantine and selection: Breeding systems – inbreeding, line-breeding, cross- breeding, artificial insemination
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
apply the first and second laws of Mendel to genetics.
differentiate between the types of cell division.
i. determine the outcome of genetic crossing involving homozygous and heterozygous traits.
ii. compute simple probability ratios.
i. give reasons for crop improvement.
ii. distinguish between various methods of crop improvement, and their respective advantages and disadvantages.
i. give reasons for animal improvement.
ii. differentiate between the various methods of animal improvement, and their respective advantages and disadvantages.
5Farm Inputs e.g., planting materials, agrochemicals, etc.
Topics / contents / notes
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
classify different types of farm inputs and their uses.
6History of Agricultural Development in West Africa
Topics / contents / notes
a. Agricultural systems e.g., shifting cultivation, bush fallowing, etc.
b. Problems of Agricultural development e.g., land tenure systems, inadequate infrastructures, inadequate finance for agriculture, environmental degradation, etc.
c. Establishment of national research institutes e.g., NCRI, IAR, IAR&T, CRIN, NIFOR, FRIN, RRI, NRCRI, NIHORT, LCRI, etc. and international research institutes e.g., IITA, ILRI, ICRISAT, WARDA, etc., leading to increased application of science to the development of agriculture.
d. Agricultural Development Projects (ADPs) e.g., RTEP, FADAMA etc.
e. National agricultural programmes such as OFN, NAFPP, NALDA, Green Revolution, NCRPs, NARP, Project Coordinating Unit (PCU) etc.
Objectives
compare various agricultural systems.
identify the problems, their effects and proffer solutions
i. trace the history of research institutes from past to present.
ii. assess their role in the development of agriculture.
give reasons for the establishment of ADPs.
evaluate the contributions of national agricultural programmes.
7Roles of Government and NGOs in Agricultural Development
Topics / contents / notes
a. Development of fiscal policies favourable to agricultural production e.g. import duties, ban on importation, e.t.c.
b. Agricultural laws and reforms e.g. Land Use Act.
c. Government programmes aimed at agricultural development e.g. subsidies, credit facilities, e.t.c.
d. Provision of infrastructures e.g. transport systems, communication systems, e.t.c.
e. Contribution of NGOs to agricultural development
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
evaluate the effects of government policies on agricultural development.
identify agricultural laws and their effect on agricultural production.
i. identify the various agricultural incentives provided by the government.
ii. assess their effects on agricultural development.
compare the various infrastructural facilities provided by government and their uses.
examine the roles of NGOs in the development of agriculture.
SECTION B: Agronomy
1Rocks and Soil formation
Topics / contents / notes
a. Rock formation
b. Factors affecting rock weathering and soil formation
c. Physical properties of soil
i. Soil profile
ii. Soil components, texture and structure
d. Chemical properties of soil
i. Soil acidity and alkalinity
ii. Chemical components of soil e.g. silicate
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
Identify the major types of rocks and their formation.
identify major types and properties of soils; factors and processes of soil formation. differentiate between the horizons in a soil profile.
i. differentiate between the components of soil.
ii. compute the proportion of soil components.
iii. analyse soil into its component parts.
iv. determine the water-holding capacity of soil. determine the soil pH.
2Soil Water and Soil Conservation
Topics / contents / notes
a. Soil water: its importance, sources, movement, management and conservation.
b. Soil conservation: meaning and importance, causes, effects, prevention and control of leaching, erosion, continuous cropping, burning and oxidation of organic matter.
c. Irrigation and drainage methods.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. compare capillary, gravitational and hygroscopic water.
ii. determine water-holding capacity, wilting points and plant available/unavailable water.
iii. Identify the methods of soil water management and conservation.
i. identify the causes of erosion and leaching.
ii. determine control methods.
i. classify irrigation and drainage systems.
ii. examine the importance and challenges of irrigation and drainage.
3Soil Fertility
Topics / contents / notes
a. Macro and micro-nutrients and their roles in plant nutrition: carbon, water and nitrogen cycles.
b. The living population of the soil (flora and fauna), and their roles in soil fertility.
c. Maintenance of soil fertility: Methods of maintaining soil fertility e.g. use of cover crops, application of organic manures, etc.
d. Nutrient deficiency symptoms e.g. chlorosis, sickle leaves, stunting, apical necrosis etc.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. classify plant nutrients.
ii. identify factors affecting their availability.
examine the roles of soil flora and fauna in maintaining soil fertility.
i. compare the different methods of maintaining soil fertility.
ii. differentiate between organic and inorganic fertilizer, and their methods of application.
iii. determine common fertilizer ratios.
i. identify the deficiency symptoms and their causes.
ii. suggest remedies.
4Land Preparation and Soil Tillage
Topics / contents / notes
a. Principles and practices of land preparation and soil tillage
b. Factors affecting choice of tillage methods: Zero tillage, minimum tillage, etc.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. compare the different methods of land preparation and soil tillage in relation to different groups of crops.
ii. state the advantages and the disadvantages of the different methods of land preparation and soil tillage.
iii. give reasons for the choice of tillage methods.
5Plant Forms and Functions
Topics / contents / notes
a. Parts of monocot and dicot crop plants and their functions
b. The anatomy and morphology of the storage organs of common crop plants
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. identify crop plant parts and their functions.
ii. distinguish between monocot and dicot crop plants.
iii. identify various storage organs of crop plants.
6Growth, Development and Reproduction
Topics / contents / notes
a. Gametogenesis
b. Pollination
c. Fertilization
d. Embryo formation and development
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
examine the process of gamete formation.
Identify the different types of pollination.
analyse the process of fertilization.
trace the process of embryo formation and development to the formation of seeds and fruits.
7Plant Propagation Methods
Topics / contents / notes
a. Sexual: the use of seeds, seed viability, viability test, seed rate and seed germination
b. Asexual (vegetative propagation) e.g. cutting, budding, grafting, layering, e.t.c.
c. Nursery and nursery management
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. classify crops propagated by sexual methods.
ii. determine seed viability and seed rate.
iii. differentiate between types of seed germination.
iv. examine the conditions for seed germination.
classify crops into different vegetative propagation methods.
i. determine appropriate nursery sites, types; their advantages and disadvantages.
ii. apply the techniques of transplanting seedlings
8Cropping Systems, Planting Patterns and Plant Densities
Topics / contents / notes
a. Cropping systems: Monocropping, mixed-, multiple-, inter-, relay-, strip- and rotational cropping
b. Planting patterns: Broadcasting, row spacing and drilling
c. Plant densities: single, double and multiple stands
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. identify and compare cropping systems.
ii. apply different cropping systems to solve problems in agriculture.
differentiate between the various planting patterns.
i. examine the various types of plant densities and their effects on crop yield.
ii. compute plant density per hectare.
9Crop Husbandry
Topics / contents / notes
Common and scientific names, gross morphology, anatomy of storage organs, methods of propagation, husbandry practices, harvesting, processing and storage, common diseases and pests, economic importance of the following groups of crops.
Group 1: Cereals e.g. maize, guinea corn, rice etc.
Group 2: Legumes e.g. cowpea, groundnut, soyabean etc.
Group 3: Tubers e.g. yam, cassava, sweet potatoes etc.
Group 4: Vegetables and Spices e.g. tomatoes, eggplant, pepper, onions, okra, cabbage, Amaranthus sp. etc.
Group 5: Fruits e.g. citrus, pineapple, pawpaw etc.
Group 6: Beverages e.g. cocoa, kola, coffee etc.
Group 7: Oils e.g. oil palm, coconut, Shea butter etc.
Group 8: Latex e.g. para rubber, gum Arabic etc.
Group 9: Fibres e.g. jute, cotton, sisal hemp etc.
Group 10: Sugars e.g. sugarcane, beet etc.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. apply the different methods of crop propagation, husbandry, harvesting, processing and storage for each crop.
ii. identify common diseases and pests and their effects on crop yield.
iii. determine the economic importance of each of the crops.
iv. relate their importance to national economic development.
10Pasture and Forage Crops
Topics / contents / notes
a. Study of gross morphology, methods of propagation and husbandry of common pasture grasses and legumes. Establishment, maintenance, conservation and uses of pastures and forage crops.
b. Study of natural grasslands and their distribution in West Africa
c. Range management
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. classify common grasses and legumes used as pastures and forage.
ii. differentiate between pasture and forage crops by their common and scientific names.
iii. distinguish between the various methods of conserving pastures e.g. hay- and silage- making.
relate different vegetational zones to their dominant pasture species.
determine range types and utilization of range resources in Nigeria.
11Floriculture
Topics / contents / notes
Identification, establishment, maintenance and uses of ornamental trees, shrubs and flowers
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. distinguish between common ornamental trees, shrubs and flowers.
ii. determine their uses and maintenance.
12Weeds
Topics / contents / notes
a. Gross morphology, methods of reproduction, dispersal and effect of weeds
b. Weed control methods – weeding, mulching, cover cropping, tillage, herbicides and trap cropping
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. identify weeds with their common and scientific names.
ii. classify weeds according to their mode of dispersal.
iii. Identify the characteristic features of weeds.
apply various weed control methods.
13Crop Diseases
Topics / contents / notes
a. Identification of disease–causing organisms both in store and in the field.
b. A simple account of diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, nematodes and viruses; symptoms, the nature of the damage, methods of transmission and common methods of control.
c. Side effects of application of preventive and control methods e.g. pollution, poisoning and distribution of ecosystem.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
distinguish between common store and field disease– causing organisms.
i. relate various disease-causing organisms to the damage caused, symptoms and their mode of spread.
ii. apply appropriate control methods. relate each control method to its side effect.
14Crop Pests
Topics / contents / notes
a. General account of pests of agricultural plants both in the field and in the store, their types, importance, principles and methods of prevention and control
b. Life cycles of: biting insects e.g. grasshopper; boring insects e.g. weevils; sucking insects e.g. aphids and cotton strainer.
c. Common pesticides and their side effects
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. identify the various field and store pests.
ii. assess their economic importance.
iii. relate various prevention and control methods to different pests.
i. describe the life cycles of various insects.
ii. apply the knowledge of the life cycles of insect pests to their prevention and control.
i. differentiate between common pesticides.
ii. examine their mode of action on pests.
15Forest Management (Silviculture)
Topics / contents / notes
a. Importance: Source of wood, pulp, fibre and other forest products
b. Conservation: regulation, exploitation, regeneration, afforestation, agro- forestry and management systems; taungya, alley, ley, e.t.c.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
relate various forest products to their uses.
i. compare different forest conservation methods.
ii. apply the various methods appropriately.
SECTION C: Animal Production
1Forms and classification of major farm animals in West Africa
Topics / contents / notes
a. Species, breeds, distribution and uses.
b. External features of cattle, sheep, goat, pigs, rabbits and poultry
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. classify various breeds of farm animals.
ii. locate where they are found.
iii. Identify the uses of different species of farm animals.
identify their characteristic features.
2General terminologies in animal production
Topics / contents / notes
Common terms used in animal husbandry, e.g. calving, kidding, castrate, tupping, veal, mutton, etc.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to: distinguish between the various terms in animal husbandry.
3Anatomy and physiology of farm animals
Topics / contents / notes
a. Functions of tissues and organs of farm animals
b. Animal body systems e.g. digestive (ruminants and non-ruminants), reproductive, respiratory, urinary (excretory) and nervous systems.
c. Effect of environmental changes on physiological development of farm animals e.g. climate change (temperature, relative humidity, light, e.t.c.)
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
distinguish between various functions of tissues and organs of farm animals.
compare different body systems in farm animals.
determine the effects of climate change on farm animals
4Reproduction in farm animals
Topics / contents / notes
a. Gametogenesis, oestrus cycle, signs of heat and heat periods, secondary sexual characters, gestation periods, parturition and the role of hormones in reproduction.
b. Development, nourishment and birth of the young. Mammary glands and lactation in farm animals.
c. Egg formation, incubation and hatching in poultry.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. give an account of the process of reproduction in farm animals.
ii. determine the role of hormones in reproduction.
trace the development in farm animals from fertilization to birth and care of the young.
trace the process of egg formation and incubation in poultry.
5Animal nutrition
Topics / contents / notes
a. Feed nutrients and functions
b. Feeds and feeding: Simple ration formulation – balanced ration, common pasture/forage crops e.g. guinea grass, elephant grass, giant star grass. Andropogon sp, Calopogonium sp. Hay and silage preparation, different types of rations, namely maintenance ration and production ration.
c. Nutrient deficiencies: Causes and symptoms of malnutrition and their correction in farm animals.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
identify the various feed nutrients, their sources and functions.
i. differentiate between the types of animal feeds and their formulation.
ii. relate the various types of rations to different classes of livestock.
i. trace symptoms to nutrient deficiencies in farm animals.
ii. apply appropriate corrective measures to nutrient deficiencies in farm animals.
6Livestock management
Topics / contents / notes
Housing, feeding, sanitation and veterinary care of ruminants, pigs, rabbits and poultry under intensive, semi- intensive and extensive systems of management from birth to slaughter.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
apply the different management practices for farm animals.
7Animal Health
Topics / contents / notes
a. Animal diseases (pathology)
i. Environmental factors predisposing animals to diseases; causal organisms, symptoms, transmission and effects.
ii. Preventive and curative methods for diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi and protozoa.
b. Parasites (parasitology)
i. Life cycles and economic importance of livestock parasites e.g. endoparasites, ectoparasites and disease vectors.
ii. Prevention and control
– dipping
– spraying
– deworming
– sanitation
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. identify diseases of farm animals and causative agents.
ii. classify livestock diseases based on symptoms and mode of transmission.
iii. apply appropriate preventive and curative measures against diseases caused by these pathogens.
i. classify livestock parasites.
ii. determine their role in disease transmission.
iii. trace life cycles of parasites from egg to adult stage.
apply appropriate prevention and control methods against livestock parasites.
8Fisheries and Wildlife
Topics / contents / notes
a. Fish culture systems; Common types of fishes e. g Tilapia, Catfish, etc.
i. Extensive systems: inland and deep sea fishing, lakes and rivers.
ii. Semi-intensive systems: dams
iii. Intensive systems: fish ponds –
Factors to consider in ponds establishment and pond management e.g. pond fertilization, liming and desilting.
b. Fish harvesting and processing methods
i. Use of drag nets, hook and line, etc.
ii. Curing, sun-drying and smoking.
iii. Fishery regulations
c. Wildlife management
Habitat conservation, feeding, domestication, harvesting, processing and wildlife regulations.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. identify the common types of fishes in West Africa.
ii. differentiate between various systems of fish farming in West Africa.
iii. determine the factors to be considered in intensive fish farming.
i. assess the advantages and disadvantages of different fish harvesting and processing methods.
ii. determine the appropriate methods of catching fish.
iii. identify the various methods of fish preservation.
identify the various fishery regulations in Nigeria.
i. identify animals found in West African game reserves.
ii. give reasons for the establishment of game reserves.
iii. Identify the common wildlife regulations.
9Bee-keeping (Apiculture)
Topics / contents / notes
a. Meaning and importance of apiculture
b. Types of bees e.g. exotic and indigenous bees
c. Methods of bee-keeping e.g. traditional and modern bee-keeping
d. Equipment and safety measures in bee- keeping
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
relate bee-keeping to economic development.
differentiate between various types of bees.
classify methods of bee-keeping.
identify bee-keeping equipment, their uses and necessary precautionary measures.
SECTION D: Agriculture Economics and Extension
1Factors of agricultural production
Topics / contents / notes
a. Land
i. Types of land ownership in West Africa
b. Labour
c. Capital
d. Management
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. understand the meaning of land and state its uses.
ii. identify the various forms of land ownership.
iii. examine the effects of land ownership on agriculture.
iv. differentiate between the various features of land and their effects on land use.
differentiate between the types and sources of labour and their effects on agricultural production.
compare the sources of capital and associated problems.
determine the functions of a farm manager in an agricultural enterprise.
2Basic Economic Principles
Topics / contents / notes
a. Demand and supply
b. Production function: Input/input, Output/output Input/output relationships; stages of production, concepts of diminishing returns, scale of preference and choice.
c. Characteristic Features of Agricultural Production; Smallness of farm holdings: biological limits of farm production and susceptibility of farm production to climate, seasonality of farm productions, price elasticity in demand and supply of agricultural produce.
3 Labour Management
a. Labour relations: Supervision, etc.
b. Types of labour: Permanent labour etc.
c. National labour laws and regulations.
4 Farm Management
a. Qualities, functions and problems of a farm manager.
b. Records and record-keeping: Types and importance of record-keeping – livestock records, profit and loss account book.
c. Stock evaluation:
i. gross and net profits in farm management.
ii. Appreciation, depreciation and savage value
d. Agricultural insurance:
i. Meaning, importance and types of agricultural insurance
ii. Problems of agricultural insurance
e. Agricultural financing:
i. meaning, importance and types of agricultural financing.
ii. Problems of agricultural finance.
5 Marketing of Agricultural Produce
a. Importance of Marketing.
b. Marketing channels.
c. Characteristics of agricultural products affecting their marketing.
6 Agricultural Extension
a. Meaning and importance.
b. The role of Agricultural Development programmes, universities, research institutes and farmers’ organizations (Cooperative societies).
c. Extension methods including demonstration plots, use of visual aids, mass media, etc.
d. Problems of agricultural extension in West Africa and possible solutions.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. relate demand to supply in agricultural production.
ii. interpret graphical representation of demand and supply.
i. relate input to output.
ii. deduce economic concepts from graphic representation.
i. distinguish between the common features of agricultural production and produce.
ii. compute elasticity of demand and supply.
identify the various ways of achieving labour efficiency.
differentiate between the various types and sources of labour.
apply national labour laws and regulations.
identify the qualities, functions and problems of a farm manager.
i. differentiate between the types of farm records.
ii. give reasons for keeping farm records.
determine gross and net margins, appreciation, depreciation and salvage value
i. examine the relevance of agricultural insurance
ii. determine the appropriate agricultural insurance scheme
determine the problems associated with agricultural insurance.
i. identify the relevance of agricultural finance.
ii. determine the problems of agricultural finance.
evaluate the importance of agricultural marketing
i. classify marketing agents and their functions.
ii. determine the various ways in which marketing channels pose problems in agricultural production.
determine the characteristics of agricultural products affecting their marketing.
identify the importance of agricultural extension.
analyse the roles of government and non- governmental organizations in agricultural extension education.
differentiate between the various extension methods.
i. examine the problems of agricultural extension in West Africa.
ii. provide possible solutions.
SECTION E: Agricultural Technology
1Farm surveying and farmstead planning
Topics / contents / notes
a. Meaning and importance
b. Common surveying equipment, their uses and care
c. Common survey methods
d. Principles of farmstead planning.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
examine the relevance of farm surveying to agriculture.
classify common surveying equipment, their uses and care.
differentiate between the common survey methods.
i apply survey principles to farmstead outlay. ii Identify the factors to be considered in farmstead planning.
2Simple farm tools
Topics / contents / notes
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. identify simple farm tools.
ii. use and maintain farm tools.
iii. compare the advantages and disadvantages of simple farm tools.
3Farm machinery and implements
Topics / contents / notes
a. Types
i. Machinery e.g. tractor, milking machine etc.
ii. Implements
b. Uses and maintenance of farm machinery and implements
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
identify common farm machinery and implements.
i. classify farm machinery according to their uses.
ii. Operate farm machines and implements.
apply appropriate maintenance routines on farm machines and implements.
4Mechanization and sources of farm power
Topics / contents / notes
a. Sources of farm power e.g. animal and machines
b. Advantages and disadvantages of agricultural mechanization
c. Problems and prospects of mechanized agriculture in West Africa
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
compare the advantages and disadvantages of various sources of farm power and their application.
distinguish between the advantages and disadvantages of mechanization.
assess the problems and prospects of mechanized agriculture in West Africa.
5Processing and storage
Topics / contents / notes
a. Processing: traditional and modern methods of food processing e.g. gari, rice and groundnut processing, etc.
b. Storage
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. identify the importance of agricultural processing.
ii. differentiate between the various methods of processing agricultural produce.
i. Identify and compare different storage methods.
ii. apply appropriate storage methods to different crops.
6Introduction to biotechnology
Topics / contents / notes
Basic terms, e.g. tissue and anther culture in vitro fertilization and genetic engineering
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. use basic terms in biotechnology.
ii. provide reasons for the importance and application of biotechnology.
7Application of ICT in agriculture
Topics / contents / notes
a. Features of computers
b. Uses of computers in agriculture: disease and weather forecasting, ration formulation, database and simulation studies, etc.
c. Use of communication gadgets e.g. mobile phone, internet, etc.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
identify the various components of a computer.
use the computer to enhance agricultural practices.
use communication gadgets to improve agricultural production.
8Introduction to agricultural research and statistics
Topics / contents / notes
a. Basic concepts in planning agricultural experiments e.g. hypothesis, treatment and control, etc.
b. Interpretation of results, e.g. measures of central tendency and experimental errors.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
use basic concepts in agricultural experiments.
i. draw inferences from experimental results.
ii. compute simple measures of central tendency.
RECOMMENDED TEXTS
- Adeniyi, M. O. et al (1999) Countdown to Senior Secondary Certificate Examination Agricultural Science, Ibadan: Evans
- Akinsanmi, O. (2000) Junior Secondary Agricultural Science, Uk: Longman.
- Akinsanmi, O. (2000) Senior Secondary Agricultural Science, Uk: Longman.
- Anthonio, Q. B. O. (1999) General Agriculture for West Africa, London: George Allen
- Are, L. A. et al (2010) Comprehensive Certificate Agricultural Science for Senior Secondary Schools, University Press Plc.
- Egbuna, C. K. et al (2014) Extension Modern Agricultural Science for Senior Secondary Schools (2010), Extension Publication
- Emmanuel C. A. (2003) A Dictionary of Agriculture, Benue: Agitab Publisher Makurdi
- Falusi, A. O. and Adeleye, I. O. A (2000) Agricultural Science for Junior Secondary Schools Books 1- 3, Ibadan: Onibonoje
- Komolafe, M. F., Adegbola, A. A., Are, L. A. and Ashaye, T. I. (2004) Agricultural Science for Senior Secondary Schools 1, 2 and 3, Ibadan: University Press Ltd.
- Philips T. A. (1986) Agricultural Notebook, Lagos: Longman
- STAN (1999) Agricultural Science for Senior Secondary Schools, Lagos: Longman
- Daramola A. M. et al (1999) Exam Focus Agricultural Science for SSCE and JME
Social Sciences & Commercial
Economics
23 topicsOfficial JAMB syllabus
General objectives
The aim of the Unified Tertiary Matriculation Examination (UTME) syllabus in Economics is to prepare the candidates for the Board’s examination. It is designed to test their achievement of the course objectives, which are to:
- 1. Demonstrate sufficient knowledge and understanding of the basic concepts, tools and their general applications to economic analysis;
- 2. Identify and explain the basic structures, operations and roles of the various economic units and institutions (national and international);
- 3. Describe major economic activities – production, distribution and consumption;
- 4. Identify and appraise the basic and current economic problems of society;
- 5. Develop the competence to proffer solutions to economic problems identified.
1Economics as a science
Topics / contents / notes
a. Basic Concepts:
wants, scarcity, choice, scale of preference, opportunity cost, rationality, production, distribution consumption.
b.(i) Economic problems of: what, how and for whom to produce and efficiency of resource use. b.(ii)Application of PPF to solution of economic problems.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
(i) compare various concepts in economics
and their applications;
(ii) interpret graphs/schedules in relation to
the concepts;
(iii) identify economic problems;
(iv) proffer solutions to economic problems
2Economic Systems
Topics / contents / notes
a. Types and characteristics of free
enterprise, centrally planned
and mixed economies
b. Solutions to economic problems under
different systems
c. Contemporary issues in economic systems (economic reforms e.g deregulation,
banking sector consolidation, cash policy
reform).
Objectives
(i) compare the various economic systems;
(ii) apply the knowledge of economic
systems to contemporary issues in
Nigeria
(iii) proffer solutions to economic problems
in different economic systems.
3Methods and Tools of Economic Analysis
Topics / contents / notes
a. Scientific Approach:
i. inductive and deductive methods
ii. positive and normative reasoning
b. Basic Tools
i. tables, charts and graphs
ii. measures of central tendency: mean,
median and mode, and their
applications.
iii. measures of dispersion; variance,
standard deviation, range and their
applications;
iv. merits and demerits of the tools.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
(i) distinguish between the various forms of
reasoning;
(ii) apply these forms of reasoning to real life
situations;
(iii) use the tools to interpret economic data;
(iv) analyse economic data using the tools;
(v) understand the merits and demerits of the
tools.
4The Theory of Demand
Topics / contents / notes
a. i. meaning and determinants of demand
ii. demand schedules and curves
iii. the distinction between change in
quantity demanded and change in
demand.
b. Types of demand:
Composite, derived, competitive and
joint demand:
c. Types, nature and determinants of
elasticity and their measurement –
price, income and cross elasticity of
demand:
d. Importance of elasticity of demand to
consumers, producers and government.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
(i) identify the factors determining demand;
(ii) interpret demand curves from demand
schedules;
(iii) differentiate between change in quantity
demanded and change in demand;
(iv) compare the various types of demand and
their interrelationships;
(v) relate the determinants to the nature of
elasticity;
(vi) compute elasticities;
(vii) interpret elasticity coefficients in relation
to real life situations.
5The Theory of Consumer Behaviour
Topics / contents / notes
a. Basic Concepts:
i. utility (cardinal, ordinal, total
average and marginal utilities)
ii. indifference curve and budget
line.
b. Diminishing marginal utility and the law
of demand.
c. Consumer equilibrium using the
indifference curve and marginal
analyses.
d. Effects of shift in the budget line and the
indifference curve.
e. Consumer surplus and its applications.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
(i) explain the various utility concepts;
( ii) apply the law of demand using the
marginal utility analysis;
(iii) use indifference curve and marginal
analyses to determine consumer
equilibrium;
(iv) relate the income and substitution effects;
(v) apply consumer surplus to real life
situations.
6The Theory of Supply
Topics / contents / notes
a. i. Meaning and determinants of
supply
ii. Supply schedules and supply curves
iii. the distinction between change in
quantity supplied and change in
supply
b. Types of Supply:
Joint/complementary, competitive and
composite
c. Elasticity of Supply:
determinants, measurements, nature and
applications
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
(i) identify the factors determining
supply;
(ii) interpret supply curves from supply
schedules;
(iii) differentiate between change in quantity
supplied and change in supply;
(iv) compare the various types of supply and
their interrelationships;
(v) relate the determinants to the nature of
elasticity;
(vi) compute elasticity coefficients;
(vii) interpret the coefficients in relation to real
life situations.
7The Theory of Price Determination
Topics / contents / notes
a. The concepts of market and price
b. Functions of the price system
c. i. Equilibrium price and quantity in
product and factor markets
iii. Price legislation and its effects
d. The effects of changes in supply and
demand on equilibrium price and
quantity.
e. Simple linear equation of demand and
supply
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
(i) explain the concepts of market and price;
(ii) examine the functions of the price system;
(iii) evaluate the effects of government
interference with the price system;
(iv) differentiate between minimum and
maximum price legislation;
(v) interpret the effects of changes in supply
and demand on equilibrium price and
quantity.
(vi) determine the equilibrium value of price
and quantity
8The Theory of Production
Topics / contents / notes
a. Meaning and types of production
b. Concepts of production and their
interrelationships (TP, AP, MP and the
law of variable proportion).
c. Division of labour and specialization
d. Scale of Production:
Internal and external economies of scale
and their implications.
e. Production functions and returns to
scale
f. Producers’ equilibrium isoquant-isocost
and marginal analyses.
g. Factors affecting productivity.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
(i) relate TP, AP and MP with the law of
variable proportion;
(ii) compare internal and external economies
of scale in production and their effects;
(iii) identify the types of production functions
(iv) compare the different types of returns to
the scale and their implications;
(v) determine the firm’s equilibrium position
using the isoquant-isocost and marginal
analyses.
(vi) identify the factors affecting productivity.
9Theory of Costs and Revenue
Topics / contents / notes
a. The concepts of cost:
Fixed, Variable, Total Average and
Marginal
b. The concepts of revenue: Total, Average
and Marginal revenue;
c. Accountants’ and Economists’ notions
of cost
d. Short-run and long-run costs
e. The marginal cost and the supply curve
of firm.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
(i) explain the various cost concepts
(ii) differentiate between accountants’ and
economists’ notions of costs
(iii) interpret the short-run and long-run costs
curves
(iv) establish the relationship between marginal
cost and supply curve.
(v) explain the various revenue concepts.
10Market Structures
Topics / contents / notes
a. Perfectly competitive market:
i. Assumptions and characteristics;
ii. Short-run and long-run equilibrium of a perfect competitor;
b. Imperfect Market:
i. Pure monopoly, discriminatory monopoly and monopolistic competition.
ii. Short-run and long-run equilibrium positions.
c. Break-even/shut-down analysis in the various markets.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
(i) analyse the assumptions and characteristics of a perfectly competitive market;
(ii) differentiate between short-run and long- run equilibrium of a perfectly competitive firm;
(iii) analyse the assumptions and characteristics of imperfect markets;
(iv) differentiate between the short-run and long-run equilibria of imperfectly competitive firms;
(v) establish the conditions for the break- even/shut down of firms.
11National Income
Topics / contents / notes
a. The Concepts of GNP, GDP, NI, NNP
b. National Income measurements and their problems
c. Uses and limitations of national income estimates
d. The circular flow of income (two and three-sector models)
e. The concepts of consumption, investment and savings
f. The multiplier and it effects
g. Elementary theory of income determination and equilibrium national income.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
(i) identify the major concepts in national income;
(ii) compare the different ways of measuring national income;
(iii) examine their problems;
(iv) determine the uses and limitations of national income estimates;
(v) interpret the circular flow of income using the two and three-sector models;
(vi) calculate the various multipliers;
(vii) evaluate their effects on equilibrium national income;
(viii) explain the concepts of consumption, investment and savings.
12Money and Inflation
Topics / contents / notes
a. Types, characteristics and functions of money
b. Demand for money and the supply of money
c. Quantity Theory of money (Fisher equation)
d. The value of money and the price level
e. Inflation: Types, measurements, effects and control
f. Deflation: Measurements, effects and control.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
(i) explain between the types, characteristics and functions of money;
(ii) identify the factors affecting the demand for and the supply of money;
(iii) examine the relationship between the value of money and the price level;
(iv) identify the components in the quantity theory of money;
(v) examine the causes and effects of inflation;
(vi) calculate the consumer price index;
(vii) interpret the consumer price index;
(viii) examine ways of controlling inflation.
(ix) examine the causes, measurement, effects and control of deflation.
13Financial Institutions
Topics / contents / notes
a. Types and functions of financial institutions (traditional, central bank, mortgage banks, merchant banks, insurance companies, building societies);
b. The role of financial institutions in economic development;
c. Money and capital markets
d. Financial sector regulations
e. Deposit money banks and the creation of money
f. Monetary policy and its instruments
g. Challenges facing financial institutions in Nigeria.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
(i) identify the types and functions of financial institutions;
(ii) explain the roles of financial institutions in economic development;
(iii) distinguish between the money and capital markets;
(iv) identify the various financial sector regulators and their functions;
(v) explain the money creation process and its challenges;
(vi) examine the various monetary policy instruments and their effects;
(vii) appraise the challenges facing the financial institutions in Nigeria.
14Public Finance
Topics / contents / notes
a. Meaning and objectives
b. Fiscal policy and its instruments
c. Sources of government revenue (taxes royalties, rents, grants and aids)
d. Principles of taxation
e. Tax incidence and its effects
f. The effects of public expenditure
g. Government budget and public debts
h. Revenue allocation and resource control in Nigeria.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
(i) identify the objectives of public finance;
(ii) explain fiscal policy and its instruments;
(iii) compare the various sources of government revenue;
(iv) analyse the principles of taxation;
(v) analyse the incidence of taxation and its effects;
(vi) examine the effects of public expenditure on the economy;
(vii) examine the types and effects of budgets;
(viii) highlight the criteria for revenue allocation in Nigeria and their impact.
15Economic Growth and Development
Topics / contents / notes
a. Meaning and scope
b. Indicators of growth and development
c. Factors affecting growth and development
d. Problems of development in Nigeria
e. Development planning in Nigeria.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
(i) distinguish between economic growth and development;
(ii) highlight the indicators of growth and development;
(iii) identify the factors affecting growth and development;
(iv) examine the problems of development in Nigeria;
(v) examine the role of planning in development;
16Agriculture in Nigeria
Topics / contents / notes
a. Types and features;
b. The role of agriculture in economic development;
c. Problems of agriculture;
d. Agricultural policies and their effects;
e. Instability in agricultural incomes (causes, effects and solutions).
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
(i) identify the types and features of agriculture;
(ii) examine the characteristics and problems of agriculture;
(iii) assess the role of agriculture in economic development;
(iv) appraise agricultural policies in Nigeria;
(v) evaluate the causes and effects of instability in agricultural incomes.
17Industry and Industrialization
Topics / contents / notes
a. Concepts and effects of location and localization of industry in Nigeria;
b. Strategies and Industrialization in Nigeria;
c. Industrialization and economic
development in Nigeria;
d. Funding and management of business
organization;
e. Factors determining the size of firms.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
(i) differentiate between location and localization of industry;
(ii) identify the factors influencing the location and localization of industry;
(iii) examine the problems of industrialization;
(iv) appraise some industrialization strategies;
(v) examine the role of industry in economic development.
18Natural Resources and the Nigerian Economy
Topics / contents / notes
a. Development of major natural resources (petroleum, gold, diamond, timber etc);
b. Contributions of the oil and the non-oil sectors to the Nigerian economy;
c. Linkage effects;
d. Upstream/downstream of the oil sector;
e. The role of NNPC and OPEC in the oil sector;
f. Challenges facing natural resources exploitation.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
(i) trace the development of the major natural resources in Nigeria;
(ii) understand the contribution of the oil and the non-oil sectors to the Nigerian economy;
(iii) establish the linkages between the natural resources and other sectors;
(iv) analyse the environmental effects of exploitation activities in Nigeria;
(v) distinguish between the upstream and downstream activities in the oil sector;
(vi) examine the roles of NNPC and OPEC in the oil sector;
(vii) suggest ways of controlling the effects of natural resources exploitation.
19Business Organizations
Topics / contents / notes
a. Private enterprises (e.g., sole- proprietorship, partnership, limited liability companies and cooperative societies)
b. Problems of private enterprises;
c. Public enterprises and their problems;
d. Funding and management of business organizations;
e. Factors determining the size of firms;
f. Privatization and Commercialization as solutions to the problems of public enterprises.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
(i) compare the types and basic features of private business organization;
(ii) appreciate the financing and management problems of business organizations;
(iii) identify the features of public enterprises;
(iv) identify the factors determining the size of firms;
(v) differentiate between privatization and commercialization;
(vi) compare the advantages and disadvantages of privatization and commercialization;
20Population
Topics / contents / notes
a. Meaning and theories;
b. Census: importance and problems.
c. Size and growth: over-population, under- population and optimum population.
d. Structure and distribution;
e. Population policy and economic development.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
(i) analyse some population theories:
(ii) examine the relevance of the theories to Nigeria;
(iii) examine the uses and limitations of census data;
(iv) identify determinants of the size, composition and growth of population;
(v) analyse the structure and distribution of population;
(vi) appraise government population policy in Nigeria.
21International Trade
Topics / contents / notes
a. Meaning and basis for international trade (absolute and comparative costs etc.)
b. Balance of trade and balance of payments: problems and corrective measures;
c. Composition and direction of Nigeria’s foreign trade;
d. Exchange rate: meaning, types and determination.
Objectives
(i) examine the basis for international trade.
(ii) differentiate between absolute and comparative advantages;
(iii) distinguish between balance of trade and balance of payments and their corrective measures;
(iv) highlight the problems of balance of payments and their corrective measures;
(v) examine the composition and direction of Nigeria’s foreign trade;
(vi) identify the types of exchange rates;
(vii) examine how exchange rates are determined.
22International Economic Organizations
Topics / contents / notes
Roles and relevance of international organizations e.g. ECOWAS, AU, EU, ECA, IMF, EEC, OECD, World Bank, IBRD, WTO, ADB and UNCTAD etc. to Nigeria.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
(i) identify the various economic organizations and their functions;
(vii) evaluate their relevance to the Nigerian economy.
23Factors of Production and their Theories
Topics / contents / notes
a. Types, features and rewards;
b. Determination of wages, interest and profits;
c. Theories: marginal productivity theory of wages and liquidity preference theory;
d. Factor mobility and efficiency;
e. Unemployment and its solutions
Objectives
(i) identify the types; features and rewards of factors of productions;
(ii) analyse the determination of wages, interest and profits;
(iii) interpret the marginal productivity of liquidity preference theories;
(iv) examine factors mobility and efficiency;
(v) examine the types and causes of unemployment in Nigeria;
(vi) suggest solutions to unemployment in Nigeria.
RECOMMENDED TEXTS
- Aderinto, A.A et al (1996) Economics: Exam Focus, Ibadan: University Press Plc.
- Black, J. (1997) Oxford Dictionary of Economics. Oxford: Oxford University Press
- Eyiyere, D.O. (1980) Economics Made Easy, Benin City, Quality Publishers Ltd.
- Fajana, F. et al (1999) Countdown to SSCE/JME Economics Ibadan: Evans
- Falodun, A.B. et al (1997) Round-up Economics, Lagos: Longman
- Kountsoyiannis, A. (1979) Modern Microeconomics, London: Macmillan
- Lipsey, R.G. (1997) An Introduction to Positive Economics, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Samuelson, P and Nordhaus, W. (1989) Economics, Singapore: McGraw-Hill
- Udu E and Agu G.A. (2005) New System Economics: a Senior Secondary Course, Ibadan: Africana FIRST
- Publishers Ltd.
- Wannacott and Wannacott (1979) Economics, New York: McGraw-Hill.
- Brownson-oton Richard (2010). What is Micro-Economics? Niky Printing and Publishing coy.
- Brownson-oton Richard (2010) What is Macro-Economics? Niky Printing and Publishing coy.
Commerce
16 topicsOfficial JAMB syllabus
General objectives
The aim of the Unified Tertiary Matriculation Examination (UTME) syllabus in Commerce is to prepare the candidates for the Board’s examination. It is designed to test their understanding of the course objectives, which are to:
- (1) acquire the basic knowledge of Commerce; (2) examine the relationship between Commerce and other related fields; (3) apply the principles of Commerce in the Nigerian economy and (4) appreciate dynamic and positive changes in commercial activities.
1Commerce
Topics / contents / notes
(i) Meaning of e-commerce/ e-business
(ii) Meaning and scope
(iii) Characteristics
(iv) Functions
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
(i) Identify the functions of e-commerce/ e- business
(ii) differentiate between Commerce and other related subjects;
(iii) describe the characteristics of Commerce;
(iv) Identify the functions of Commerce.
2Occupation
Topics / contents / notes
(i) Meaning and importance
(ii) Types (industrial, commercial and services)
(iii) Factors that determine choice of occupation
Objectives
(i) State the importance of occupation;
(ii) Compare the different types of occupation;
(iii) Identify the factors determining the choice of occupation.
Candidates should be able to:
3Production
Topics / contents / notes
(i) Factors, characteristics and rewards (land, labour, capital and entrepreneur)
(ii) Division of Labour and specialization
(iii) Types (primary, secondary and tertiary)
(iv) Relationship between production, specialization and exchange.
Objectives
(i) identify the Factors of Production and their rewards;
(ii) distinguish between Division of Labour and Specialization;
(iii) classify the types of production.
(iv) State the relationship between production, specialization and exchange.
4Trade
Topics / contents / notes
a. Home Trade
(i) Retail trade:
– Types of retail trade
– Functions of retailers
– Factors to be considered in setting up retail trade
– Trends in retailing (branding, self – service, vending machines, the use of luncheon, fuel vouchers, etc)
– Advantages and disadvantages of retailers
– Reasons for success/failure of retail trade
(ii) Wholesale trade:
– Types of wholesalers (merchant, agent, general, etc)
– Channels of distribution
– Functions of wholesalers
– Advantages and disadvantages of wholesalers
b. Foreign trade
(i) Types of foreign trade
(ii) Basic issues in foreign trade (balance of trade, balance of payments and counter trade)
(iii) Procedures and documents used in export, import and entrepôt trade
(iv) Barriers to international trade
(v) Tariffs and reasons for the imposition
(vi) Tools for trade restriction and export promotion
(vii) Role of Customs and Excise Authority, Ports Authority, etc. in foreign trade
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
(i) compare the various types of retail trade
(ii) identify the functions of retailers;
(iii) highlight the factors in setting up retail trade;
(iv) classify modern retailing practices;
(v) identify the advantages and disadvantages of retail business;
(vi) explain the success/failure of retail trade
(vii) classify the types of wholesalers;
(viii) identify the channels of distribution
(ix) discuss the functions of wholesalers;
(x) outline the merits and demerits of the middleman;
(xi) compare the various types of foreign trade
(xii) analyse the basic issues in foreign trade;
(xiii) explain the procedures and documents used in foreign trade;
(xiv) identify the barriers to international trade;
(xv) state the various tariffs and reasons for their imposition
(xvi) identify the tools for trade restriction and export promotion
(xvii) appraise the role of government agencies in foreign trade.
5Purchase and Sale of Goods
Topics / contents / notes
(i) Procedure and documentation (enquiry, quotation, order, invoice, proforma invoice, statement of accounts, indent, consular invoice, bill of lading, certificate of origin, consignment note, etc.)
(ii) Terms of trade (trade discount, quantity discount, cash discount, warranties, C.O.D., C.I.F., F.O.B., and E.O.E. etc)
(iii) Terms of payments
a. Cash – Spot/Prompt payment
b. Credit- Meaning
– Types and functions
– Merits and demerits
(iv) Means of payments; Legal tender (bank notes and coins), cheques, standing order, bank draft, stamps, postal orders, money orders, bills of exchange, promissory note, mail, transfer, traveler’s cheques, telegraphic transfer, e-payment, recharge card.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
(i) examine the procedures and documents used in the purchase and sale of goods;
(ii) determine the terms of trade;
(iii) distinguish between cash and credit forms of payment;
(iv) explain the meaning and types of credit;
(v) analyse the merits and demerits of credit transactions.
(vi) Identify the means of payment
6Aids-to-trade
Topics / contents / notes
a. Advertising:
(i) Meaning and roles
(ii) Types, media and methods
(iii) Advantages and disadvantages
b. Banking:
(i) Types of bank
(ii) Services
(iii) Challenges
(iv) E-banking
c. Communication:
(i) Process and procedure
(ii) Types
(iii) Trends
(iv) Merits and demerits
(v) Barriers (vi)
d. Insurance:
(i) Types
(ii) Principles
(iii) Terms
(iv) Importance
(v) Types of risk
e. Tourism:
(i) Meaning and forms
(ii) Importance
(iii) Agencies that promote tourism in Nigeria
(iv) Challenges
(v) Tourist centres
f. Transportation:
(i) Mode
(ii) Importance
(iii) Advantages and disadvantages
g. Warehousing:
(i) Importance
(ii) Types and functions
(iii) Factors to be considered in siting a warehouse
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
(i) Explain the meaning and role of advertising
(ii) identify the different types of advertising, its media and methods
(iii) analyse the advantages and disadvantages of advertising;
(iv) categorize the different types of bank;
(v) assess the services rendered by banks;
(vi) identify the challenges facing banks;
(vii) explain e-banking
(viii) assess the different stages in the communication process;
(ix) analyse the types of communication;
(x) appraise the contributions of courier services, GSM, etc., to businesses;
(xi) state the merits and demerits of communication;
(xii) outline the barriers to communication
(xiii) describe the types of insurance;
(xiv) apply the principles of insurance to life situations;
(xv) explain the terms in insurance;
(xvi) state the importance of insurance;
(xvii) identify the different types of risk in insurance
(xviii) explain the meaning and forms of tourism
(xix) examine the importance of tourism;
(xx) identify the agencies that promote tourism in Nigeria;
(xxi) analyse the challenges facing tourism in Nigeria;
(xxii) identify the various tourist centres in Nigeria
(xxiii) appraise the relevance of the various modes of transportation;
(xxiv) list the importance of transportation;
(xxv) discuss the advantages and disadvantages of transportation;
(xxvi) highlight the importance of warehousing;
(xxvii) appraise the contributions of warehouses to businesses.
(xxviii) evaluate the factors that determine the siting of warehouses.
7Business Units
Topics / contents / notes
(i) Forms and features (Sole Proprietorship, Partnership, Limited Liability Companies, Public Corporations, Cooperative Societies, etc.)
(ii) Registration of businesses
(iii) Determination of choice of business units
(iv) Dissolution and liquidation
(v) Merits and demerits
(vi) Reasons for government ownership of public enterprises
Objectives
(i) identify the forms and features of business units;
(ii) analyse the procedures for registering businesses;
(iii) examine the factors which determine the choice of business units;
(iv) differentiate between dissolution and liquidation of business;
(v) state the merits and demerits of business units.
(vi) State the reasons for government ownership of public enterprises
Candidates should be able to:
8Financing Business
Topics / contents / notes
(i) Sources of finance (personal savings, sale of shares and bonds, loans, debentures, mortgage, bank overdraft, ploughing back of profit, credit purchase, leasing, etc.)
(ii) Types of capital (share capital, capital owned, authorized capital, issued capital, called-up capital, paid-up capital, liquid capital, working capital and owners’ equity)
(iii) Calculation of forms of capital, profits (gross and net) and turnover
(iv) Problems of sourcing finance
(v) The role of Bureau de change in an economy
Objectives
(i) identify the various ways of financing a business;
(ii) discuss the different types of capital
(iii) compute the different forms of capital, profits and turnover;
(iv) appraise the problems associated with sourcing finances for business;
(v) assess the role of Bureau de change in an economy.
Candidates should be able to:
9Trade Associations
Topics / contents / notes
(i) Objectives and functions of trade and manufacturer’s associations (Cocoa Farmers’ Association, Garri Sellers’ Association, Poultry Farmers’ Association, etc.)
(ii) Objectives and functions of Chambers of Commerce.
(iii) Forms of business combination/merger
Objectives
(i) discuss the objectives and functions of trade and manufacturer’s associations;
(ii) list the objectives and functions of Chambers of Commerce.
(iii) Explain the different forms of business combination/merger
10Money
Topics / contents / notes
(i) Evolution
(ii) Forms and qualities
(iii) Functions
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
(i) discuss the origin of money;
(ii) analyse the forms and qualities of money;
(iii) appraise the functions of money.
11Stock Exchange
Topics / contents / notes
(i) Importance and functions
(ii) Types of securities (stocks, shares, bonds, debentures, etc)
(iii) Procedure of transactions and speculations
(iv) Second-Tier Securities Market, (listing requirements, types of companies for the market, advantages and operating regulations of the market.)
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
(i) state the importance and functions of the Stock Exchange;
(ii) identify the different securities traded on the Stock Exchange;
(iii) analyse the procedure of transactions and speculations on the Stock Exchange;
(iv) appraise the advantages and operating regulations of the market.
12Elements of Business Management
Topics / contents / notes
(i) Functions (planning, organizing, staffing, coordinating, motivating, communicating, controlling etc.)
(ii) Principles (span of control, unity of command, delegation of authority, etc.)
(iii) Organizational structure (line, line and staff, functional, matrix and committee)
(iv) Functional areas of business (production, marketing, finance and personnel)
(v) Business resources (man, money, materials, machines and opportunities/goodwill)
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
(i) appraise the functions of management;
(ii) analyse the principles of management;
(iii) identify organizational structures;
(iv) assess the functional areas of business;
(v) examine the business resources.
13Elements of Marketing
Topics / contents / notes
(i) Importance and Functions
(ii) The marketing concept (consumer orientation, customer satisfaction, integrated marketing, etc)
(iii) Marketing mix (product, price, place and promotion)
(iv) Market Segmentation
(v) Public relations and Customer Service.
(vi) E-marketing
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
(i) highlight the importance and functions of marketing;
(ii) discuss the marketing concept;
(iii) assess the elements of marketing mix;
(iv) explain market segmentation;
(v) examine public relations and customer service.
(vi) explain e-marketing
14Legal Aspects of Business
Topics / contents / notes
(i) Meaning and validity of a simple contract
(ii) Agency, Sale of Goods Act and Hire Purchase Act
(iii) Contract of employment
(iv) Government regulations of business (registration of business, patents, trademarks, copyrights, etc)
(v) Consumer protection (Government legislation, Standards Organization Trade Descriptions Act, Consumer Protection Council, NAFDAC, NDLEA, Customs and Excise, etc.)
(vi) Regulatory agencies.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
(i) analyse the elements and validity of a simple contract;
(ii) examine Agency, Sale of Goods Act and Hire Purchase Act;
(iii) assess the rights and obligations of employers and employees;
(iv) distinguish between patents, trademarks and copyrights;
(v) identify the functions of consumerism;
(vi) assess the relevance of regulatory agencies and acts in the provision of safe goods and drugs.
15Commodity Exchange:
Topics / contents / notes
(i) Meaning
(ii) Types of tradable commodity (agricultural produce, solid minerals, oil and gas)
(iii) Requirements for trading (grading system, warehousing, clearing system, standardizing)
(iv) Methods of trading (open outcry, electronic mechanism)
(v) Benefits of commodity exchange
(vi) Constraints to commodity trading
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
(i) explain the meaning of commodity exchange
(ii) highlight types of tradable commodity
(iii) list the requirements for trading
(iv) discuss methods of trading
(v) enumerate the benefits of commodity exchange
(vi) analyse the constraints to commodity trading.
16Business Environment and Social Responsibility
Topics / contents / notes
(i) Legal, political, economic, social, cultural, technological environments, etc
(ii) Safe products, philanthropic and societal consideration
(iii) Types and implication of pollution (water, air, land, etc.)
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
(i) discuss the types of business environment;
(ii) assess the role of social environment in the provision of safe products;
(iii) identify the different types of pollution and their implications on businesses.
RECOMMENDED TEXTS
- Adedokun, M.O., Udokogu, P.C and Ogunji, C.O.N Senior Secondary Commerce Book One, Two and Three.
- Anderson, D. J. (1978) Commerce for West Africa, London: Macmillan.
- Ahukannah, L. I. et al (1992) Commerce for Secondary Schools Onitsha: Africana – First Publishers.
- Asaolu, A. and Igwe, P. M. (2005) New Syllabus Commerce for Secondary Schools Books 1 – 3 (Second Edition) Ibadan: Evans.
- Azuh, Daniel C. and Soyibo, Adedokun, Comprehensive Certificate Commerce for Secondary Schools (3)
- Babatunde, A. H. (1999) Handbook on Commerce for Schools and Colleges, (First Edition), Global Publications.
- Ibru, G. M. (2004) Nigeria: The Promise of Tourism, Lagos: G.S.L. Publishing Limited.
- Igwe, P. M. et al (2004) Countdown to WASSCE/SSCE/NECO/JME Commerce, Ibadan: Evans.
- James, A. F. et al (1996) Management (Sixth Edition), New Delhi: Prentice Hall).
- Nwachukwu, C. C. (1999) Management Theory and Practice, Onitsha: Africana – First Publishers.
- Odedokun, M. O. et al (1999) Commerce for Senior Secondary Schools, Books 1 – 3, Lagos: Longman.
- Odoom, F. F. (1998) Commerce for Senior Secondary Schools, Books 1 – 3, Ibadan: Onibonoje.
- Onifade, A. (2001) Management: Office Business Education, Abeokuta: KAPPCO.
- Onu, A. J. C. (2000) Marketing Today, Abuja: Precious Treasures Ltd.
- Pallister, J. and Isaacs, A. (eds) (2002) A Dictionary of Business (Third Edition), Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Ubaka, O. A., (2012), Commerce Simplifiedfor SSS 1 – 3, WAEC, NECO, JAMB & NABTEB EXAMS, Garki, Abuja: Andyson Millennium Concepts Ltd.
- Longe,O.A (2020), Ikeja, Lagos: Essential Commerce for Secondary Schools; Tonad Publishers Limited.
Principles of Accounts
18 topicsOfficial JAMB syllabus
General objectives
Principles of Accounting
The aim of the Unified Tertiary Matriculation Examination (UTME) syllabus in Principles of Accounting is to prepare the candidates for the Board’s examination. It is designed to test their achievement of the course objectives, which are to:
- 1. Stimulate and sustain their interest in Principles of Accounting;
- 2. Use basic principles, knowledge, practical skills in Financial Accounting;
- 3. Apply the knowledge and interpretation of Accounting information to decision making;
- 4. Appreciate the relevance of Accounting information to business and governments; and
- 5. Apply information technology in solving Accounting problems.
1Nature and Significance of Book keeping and Accounting
Topics / contents / notes
a. Development of Accounting (including branches of accounting)
b. Objectives of Book Keeping and accounting
c. Users and characteristics of Accounting information
d. Principles, concepts and conventions of Accounting (nature, significance and application)
e. Role of Accounting records and information
f. Career opportunities in Book Keeping and Accounting
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. differentiate between Book Keeping and Accounting;
ii. understand the historical background of Book Keeping and Accounting;
iii. apply the right principles, concepts and conventions to solving Accounting problems;
iv. understand the role of Accounting information in decision making;
v. identify the types/branches of Accounting such as Cost Accounting, Management Accounting, Auditing, Financial Accounting, Forensic Accounting, Social and Environmental Accounting, Government Accounting and Taxation; and
vi. identify the different career opportunities in Book Keeping and Accounting.
2Principles of Double Entry
Topics / contents / notes
a. Source documents
b. Books of original entry
c. Accounting equation
d. Ledger and its classifications
e. Trial balance
f. Types and correction of errors
g. Suspense Account
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. identify various source documents and their uses;
ii. relate source documents to the various books of original entry;
iii. determine the effect of changes in elements of Accounting equation;
iv. understand the role of double entry principles in treating financial transactions;
v. extract a trial balance from ledger accounts;
vi. identify various types of errors and their corrections; and
vii. correct errors using suspense account. Principles of Accounting
3Ethics, Professional and Regulatory Bodies in Accounting
Topics / contents / notes
a. Objectives
b. Qualities of an Accountant
c. Accounting professional bodies in Nigeria
d. Accounting regulatory bodies
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. understand the ethics required in preparing and presenting Accounting information;
ii. understand qualities of an Accountant such as honesty, integrity, transparency, accountability and fairness;
iii. understand the purpose and functions of Accounting professional bodies in Nigeria; and
iv. understand the purpose and functions of Accounting regulatory bodies in Nigeria e.g. Financial Reporting Council of Nigeria (FRCN), Corporate Affairs Commission (CAC) and International Accounting Standard Board (IASB).
4Cash Book
Topics / contents / notes
a. Columnar Cash Books:
i. single column
ii. double column
iii. three column
b. Discounts
c. Petty Cash Book and imprest system
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. determine the cash float;
ii. differentiate between two and three columnar cash books and how transactions are recorded in them;
iii. differentiate between trade and cash discounts;
iv. examine the effects of trade and cash discounts in the books of accounts; and
v. identify various petty cash expenses.
5Bank Transactions and Reconciliation Statements
Topics / contents / notes
a. Instrument of bank transactions
b. e-banking system
c. Causes of discrepancies between cash book and bank statement
d. Bank reconciliation statement
e. Adjusted cash book
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. identify various instruments of bank transactions such as cheques, pay-in-slips, credit cards, debit cards, internet banking and their uses;
ii. assess the impact of automated credit system, credit transfers, interbank transfers and direct debit on cash balances;
iii. identify factors that cause discrepancies between cash book balance and bank statement; and
iv. determine adjusted cash book balance.
6Final Accounts of a Sole Trader/Proprietor
Topics / contents / notes
a. Statement of profit or loss/income statement
b. Statement of financial position
c. Adjustments:
i. provision for bad and doubtful debt
ii. provision for discounts
iii. provision for depreciation using straight- line and reducing balance methods
iv. accruals and prepayment
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. determine the cost of sales, gross profit and net profit of a sole trader;
ii. identify non-current assets, current assets, long- term liabilities, current liabilities and proprietor’s capital;
iii. compute adjustable items on the related expenditure and income in the statement of profit or loss; and
iv. differentiate between bad debts and provision for bad and doubtful debts. Principles of Accounting
7Stock Valuation
Topics / contents / notes
a. Meaning and purpose of stock valuation
b. Methods of stock valuation e.g., FIFO, LIFO and simple average
c. Advantages and disadvantages of the methods
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. determine the value of materials issued to production department using FIFO, LIFO and simple average;
ii. calculate the closing stock of materials or finished goods using FIFO, LIFO and simple average;
iii. compare the advantages and disadvantages of each method of stock valuation; and
iv. determine the effects of stock valuation on elements of income statement.
8Control Accounts
Topics / contents / notes
a. Meaning and uses of control accounts
b. Purchases ledger control account
c. Sales ledger control account
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. understand the meaning of control accounts;
ii. identify the uses of control accounts in a business enterprise;
iii. differentiate between sales ledger control account and purchases ledger control account; and
iv. identify the entries in control accounts.
9Incomplete Records and Single Entry
Topics / contents / notes
a. Meaning of incomplete records and single entry
b. Differentiate between incomplete records and single entry
c. Determination of missing figures
d. Preparation of final accounts from incomplete records
e. Conversion of single entry to double entry
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. understand and differentiate between incomplete records and single entry;
ii. determine proprietor’s capital using statement of affairs;
iii. determine the amount of sales, purchases, cash balances, debtors, creditors and expenses by converting single entry to double entry; and
iv. use accounting equations, gross and net profit percentages to determine cost of sales, gross and net profits.
10Manufacturing Accounts
Topics / contents / notes
a. Purpose of manufacturing account
b. Cost classification
c. Cost apportionment
d. Preparation of manufacturing account
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. identify the reason for preparing manufacturing account;
ii. calculate prime cost, overhead cost, production cost and total cost; and
iii. determine the basis of cost apportionment among production, administration, selling and distribution.
11Accounts of Not-For-Profit-Making Organizations
Topics / contents / notes
a. Objectives
b. Receipts and payments account
c. Income and expenditure account
d. Statement of financial position
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. distinguish between profit oriented and Not-For-Profit- Making Organizations;
ii. determine annual subscription, subscription in arrears and in advance; and
iii. compute the cash balances, accumulated funds, surplus or deficit for the period. Principles of Accounting
12Departmental Accounts
Topics / contents / notes
a. Objectives
b. Apportionment of incomes and expenses
c. Departmental statement of profit or loss
d. Inter-departmental transfer
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. identify the reasons for preparing departmental accounts;
ii. determine the expenses and incomes attributable to departments;
iii. compute departmental profit or loss; and
iv. understand the Accounting treatment of inter- departmental transfer.
13Branch Accounts
Topics / contents / notes
a. Objectives
b. Types of branches
c. Pricing methods and accounts maintained by head office
d. Account maintained by a branch
e. Reconciliation of branch and head office books
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. understand the reasons for preparing branch accounts;
ii. differentiate between types of branches;
iii. calculate profit or loss from branches; and
iv. reconcile the difference between branch and head office accounts.
14Joint Venture Accounts
Topics / contents / notes
a. Objectives and features
b. Forms of joint ventures
c. Accounting procedures
d. Memorandum joint venture accounts
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. identify the objectives and features of joint venture;
ii. identify the forms of joint venture;
iii. identify the Accounting procedures of joint venture; and
iv. determine the profit or loss of joint venture.
15Partnership Accounts
Topics / contents / notes
a. Formation of partnership
b. Partners current and capital accounts
c. Partnership final accounts:
i. profit or loss account
ii. appropriation account
iii. statement of financial position
d. Treatment of goodwill
e. Admission/retirement of a partner
f. Dissolution of partnership
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. understand the procedures for the formation of partnership;
ii. identify the accounts maintained for partnership business;
iii. determine the effects of admission and retirement of a partner;
iv. determine profit or loss on revaluation of assets; and
v. determine the partners’ share of profit or loss on dissolution.
16Introduction to Company Accounts
Topics / contents / notes
a. Formation and classification of companies
b. Issue of shares and debentures
c. Final accounts of companies:
i. statement of profit or loss
ii. statement of financial position
d. Accounting ratios
e. Distinction between capital and revenue reserves
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. differentiate between types of companies;
ii. identify the procedures of treating the issue of shares and debentures;
iii. compute the elements of final accounts of companies; and
iv. compute and interpret Accounting ratios such as current, acid test and stock turnover. Principles of Accounting
17Public Sector Accounting
Topics / contents / notes
a. Accounting basis in public sector
b. Sources of government revenue
c. Capital and recurrent expenditure
d. Consolidated Revenue Fund
e. Statement of assets and liabilities
f. Responsibilities and powers of:
i. The Accountant General
ii. The Auditor General
iii. The Minister of Finance
iv. The Treasurer of Local Government
g. Instruments of financial regulation
h. Current issues in public sector Accounting:
i. Treasury Single Account (TSA)
ii. International Public Sector Accounting Standard (IPSAS)
iii. Integrated Payroll and Personnel Information System (IPPIS)
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. differentiate between public and private sector accounting;
ii. identify the sources of government revenue;
iii. differentiate between capital and recurrent expenditure;
iv. calculate consolidated revenue fund and determine the values of assets and liabilities;
v. identify the duties of the Accountant General, Auditor General, Minister of Finance and Treasurer of Local Government;
vi. distinguish between elements of control in government accounting procedures e.g. warrant, votes, budget and due process certificate; and
vii. understand current trends in public sector Accounting.
18Information Technology in Accounting
Topics / contents / notes
a. Manual and computerized Accounting processing system
b. Procedures involved in data processing
c. Digitization and digital technologies in Accounting:
i. machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI)
ii. data analytics
iii. mobile accounting
iv. special accounting software
d. Block chain technology in Accounting system
e. Virtual Accounting
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. differentiate between manual and computerized Accounting processing system;
ii. identify the procedures involved in data processing;
iii. identify the digital technologies use in Accounting processing system;
iv. understand the benefits of block chain technology in Accounting system;
v. identify the services provided by virtual accountants such as book keeping, payroll processing, tax preparation, banks, credit and loan accounts reconciliation, financial statement preparation etc.; and
vi. identify the advantages and disadvantages of computerized Accounting processing system. Principles of Accounting
RECOMMENDED TEXTS
- Adekunle, K.O. (2014). Bounty Financial Accounting for Schools and College, Ibadan: Bounty Press Ltd.
- Agbasiere, E.A., Ufot C.I and Olugbenga T.E. (2015). New age Financial Accounting SSS Text Books, Anambra:
- New Age Press Ltd.
- Ayodele A. (2015). Financial Accounting for Schools and Colleges, Ibadan: Spectrum Books Ltd.
- Ekwue K. C. (2010). Principles of Accounts, Book 1 & 2, Onitsha: Adson Publishing Company, Femi L. (2013). Simplified and Amplified Financial Accounting.
- Frankwood and Alan S. (2002). Frankwood’s Business Accounting, Prentice Hall International Edition.
- Hassan M. M. (2001). Government Accounting, Lagos: Malthouse Press Limited.
- Ibrahim, R.A and Kazeem R. A (2018). Essential Financial Accounting for Senior Secondary Schools (sixth edition), Ogun State: Tonad Publishers Limited.
- Igben, R. O. (2004). Financial Accounting Made Simple (Vol. I) Lagos: Roi Publishers.
- ICAN (2021). Foundation Level Financial Accounting Study Text, Lagos: Institute of Chartered Accountants of Nigeria.
- Ono, D.I., Oshunnira, M. and Ozurigbo, P.M. (2015). Financial Accounting for Senior Secondary Schools, Ibadan:
- Hebn Publishers Plc.
Government
33 topicsOfficial JAMB syllabus
General objectives
The aim of the Unified Tertiary Matriculation Examination (UTME) syllabus in Government is to prepare the candidates for the Board’s examination. It is designed to test their knowledge in Government, with a view to determining their suitability for placement in institutions of higher learning in Nigeria.
These objectives are to:
- i. appreciate the meaning of Government;
- ii. analyse the framework and specify the institutions of Government;
- iii. appreciate the basic principles of democratic governance and their application in Nigeria;
- iv. explain the concept of citizenship and define the duties and obligations of a citizen;
- v. appreciate the process of political development in Nigeria;
- vi. evaluate the political development and problems of governance in Nigeria;
- vii. understand the determinants and dynamics of foreign policy as they relate to Nigeria;
- viii. assess the role of Nigeria as a member of the international community and the workings of international organizations.
PART 1: ELEMENTS OF GOVERNMENT
1Definition and Scope of Government
Topics / contents / notes
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. define Government as an institution;
ii. state the characteristics of Government;
iii. explain the functions of Government.
2Basic Concepts of Government
Topics / contents / notes
a. Power, Influence, Authority, Legitimacy, Sovereignty;
b. Society, State, Nation, Nation-State;
c. Political Processes; Political Socialization, Political Participation, Political Culture.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. identify the fundamental concepts in governance;
ii. analyse various political processes;
iii. explain the relationship of the state to Government.
3Forms of Government:
Topics / contents / notes
Monarchy, Aristocracy, Oligarchy, Autocracy, Republicanism, Democracy- definitions, features, merits and demerits.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. distinguish between different forms of government.
ii. discuss the features of each of the forms of Government.
4Arms of Government:
Topics / contents / notes
a. The Legislature – types, structure, functions, powers;
b. The Executive – types, functions, powers;
c. The Judiciary – functions, powers, components.
d. Their relationships
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. identify the duties and obligations of the various arms of government and their agencies;
ii. relate each arm to its functions;
iii. appreciate how these arms interrelates.
5Structures of Governance:
Topics / contents / notes
a. Unitary – features, reasons for adoption, merits and demerits
b. Federal – features, reasons for adoption, merits and demerits
c. Confederal – features, reasons for adoption, merits and demerits.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. compare the various political structures of governance;
ii. understand the reasons for the adoption of any of these structures of governance.
6Systems of Governance:
Topics / contents / notes
Presidential, Parliamentary and Monarchical, features, merits and demerits.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. distinguish between the different systems of governance;
ii. analyse the features, merits and demerits of each system of governance.
7Political Ideologies:
Topics / contents / notes
Communalism, Feudalism, Capitalism, Socialism, Communism, Totalitarianism, Fascism, Nazism, Liberalism.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. differentiate between the major political ideologies;
ii. contrast their modes of production.
8Constitution:
Topics / contents / notes
Meaning, Sources, Functions, Types – Written, Unwritten, Rigid and Flexible.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. Define and identify sources and functions of constitutions;
ii. compare the nature of constitutions.
9Principles of Democratic Government:
Topics / contents / notes
Ethics and Accountability in Public Office, Separation of Power, Checks and Balances, Individual and Collective Responsibility, Constitutionalism, Rule of Law, Representative Government, Centralization and Decentralization of Government.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. identify the principles of democratic government;
ii. determine the application of these principles;
10Processes of Legislation:
Topics / contents / notes
Legislative Enactments – Acts, Edicts, Bye-laws, Delegated Legislation, Decrees.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. analyse the processes involved in the making of laws.
11Citizenship:
Topics / contents / notes
a. Meaning, types;
b. Citizenship rights;
c. Dual citizenship, renunciation, deprivation;
d. Duties and obligations of citizens;
e. Duties and obligations of the state.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. differentiate between the various methods of acquiring citizenship;
ii. specify the rights and responsibilities of a citizen;
iii. assess the obligations of the state.
12The Electoral Process:
Topics / contents / notes
a. Suffrage – evolution, types;
b. Election – types, ingredients of free and fair election, pre- and post- election crisis.
c. Electoral System – types, advantages and disadvantages of each;
d. Electoral Commission – functions, problems.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. distinguish the different types of franchise
ii. identify and explain the types of electoral systems;
iii. analyse the various electoral processes.
13Political Parties and Party Systems:
Topics / contents / notes
a. Political parties – Definition, organization, functions.
b. Party Systems – Definition, organization, functions, merits and demerits.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. assess the role of political parties;
ii. distinguish between types of party systems.
14Pressure Groups:
Topics / contents / notes
a. Definition, types, functions and modes of operation.
b. Differences between Pressure Groups and Political Parties.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. evaluate the functions and the modus operandi of pressure groups;
ii. distinguish between pressure groups and political parties.
15Public Opinion:
Topics / contents / notes
a. Meaning, formation and measurement.
b. Functions and limitations.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. compare methods of assessing public opinion;
ii. assess the functions of public opinion;
iii. analyse the limitations of public opinion.
16The Civil Service/Public Service:
Topics / contents / notes
a. Definition, characteristics, functions, structure, control and problems of the civil service.
b. Definition, characteristics, functions, structure, control and problems of the public service.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. analyse the significance of civil service in governance;
ii. distinguish between the civil service and public service.
PART II POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA
1Pre – colonial Polities:
Topics / contents / notes
Pre-jihad Hausa/Fulani Emirate, Tiv, Igbo, Yoruba
a. Their structural organization;
b. The functions of their various political institutions.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. appreciate the effectiveness of the pre- colonial political systems;
ii. compare pre-colonial systems of governance.
2Imperialists Penetration:
Topics / contents / notes
a. The British process of acquisition – trade, missionary activities, company rule, crown colony, protectorate;
b. The British colonial administrative policy – direct and indirect rule;
c. The French colonial administrative policy – assimilation and association;
d. Impact of British colonial rule- economic, political, socio-cultural;
e. Comparison of British and French colonial administration.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. trace the processes of imperialists penetration;
ii. assess the impact of British and French colonial policies;
iii. distinguish between British and French colonial practices.
3Process of Decolonization:
Topics / contents / notes
a. Nationalism – Meaning, Types;
b. Nationalist Movements – emergence, goals, strategies;
c. Nationalist Leaders – Herbert Macaulay, Nnamdi Azikiwe, Obafemi Awolowo, Ahmadu Bello, Ladipo Solanke, Aminu Kano, J. S. Tarka, Tafawa Balewa and others;
d. Emergence of Nationalist Parties;
e. Influence of external factors.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. evaluate the process of decolonization;
ii. assess the roles of nationalist leaders and parties;
iii. assess the impact of external forces and ideas (Pan-Africanism, Back–to–Africa Movements, Second World War etc.).
4Constitutional Development in Nigeria:
Topics / contents / notes
a. Hugh Clifford Constitution (1922)
b. Arthur Richards Constitution (1946)
c. John Macpherson Constitution (1951)
d. Oliver Lyttleton Constitution (1954)
e. Independence Constitution (1960) Their features, merits and demerits.
Objectives
i. compare the various constitutional developments;
ii. analyse the merits and demerits of each of the constitutions.
5Post – Independence Constitutions:
Topics / contents / notes
1963, 1979, 1989 and 1999 (As Amended) characteristics and shortcomings.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. assess the workings of the various Constitutions;
ii. analyse the merits and demerits of the Post- Independence Constitutions in Nigeria.
6Institutions of Government in the Post –
Topics / contents / notes
Independence Nigeria:
a. The Legislative – structures, functions and workings.
b. The Executive – structure, functions and workings.
c. The Judiciary – structure, functions and workings.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. evaluate the operations of the Arms of government and their agencies, e.g., the Civil Service, Armed Forces, Police, Courts and others.
7Public Commissions Established by the 1979 and Subsequent Constitutions:
Topics / contents / notes
The Civil Service Commission, the Public Complaints Commission, Electoral Commissions, National Boundary Commission, Independent Corrupt Practices and Other Related Offences Commission, Economic and Financial Crimes Commission and Others – objectives functions and problems.
Objectives
i. evaluate the operations of Public Commissions;
ii. assess the problems of the Public Commissions and their constraints.
8Political Parties and Party Politics in Post-Independence Nigeria:
Topics / contents / notes
a. First Republic
b. Second Republic
c. Third Republic
d. Fourth Republic
– Evolution, membership spread, structure, etc.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. contrast political processes in the republics;
ii. evaluate the ideologies, structure and composition of the political parties.
9The Structure and Workings of Nigerian Federalism:
Topics / contents / notes
a. Rationale for a Federal System;
b. Tiers of Government and their relationship;
c. Creation of States – 1963, 1967, 1976, 1987, 1991, 1996;
d. Problems of Nigerian Federalism – Census, Revenue Allocation, Conflicts etc. solutions e.g. The Federal Character Principle, etc.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. examine the workings of Nigerian federalism;
ii. identify its problems;
iii. evaluate the corrective measures to be adopted.
10Public Corporations and Parastatals:
Topics / contents / notes
a. Definition, types, purpose and functions;
b. Finance, control and problems;
c. Deregulation, Privatization and Commercialization – objectives, features, merits and demerits;
d. Comparison between Public Corporations and parastatals.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. examine the operations of public corporations and parastatals;
ii. identify the processes involved in privatization and commercialization;
iii. assess the economic importance of privatization and commercialization.
11Local Government:
Topics / contents / notes
a. Local Government Administration prior to 1976;
b. Features of Local Government Reforms (1976, 1989) – structure, functions, finance and inter- governmental relations;
c. Traditional Rulers and Local Governments;
d. Problems of Local Government Administration in Nigeria.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. trace the evolution and structure of Local Government;
ii. identify the major problems faced by Local Governments;
iii. analyse the roles of Traditional Rulers in the Local Government system in Nigeria.
12The Military in Nigerian Politics
Topics / contents / notes
a. Factors that led to military intervention;
b. Structure of military regimes;
c. Impact of military rule – political, e.g. creation of states, NYSC, introduction of unitary system (Unification Decree NO. 34) etc. economic, e.g. SAP, DFRRI, Peoples Bank, MAMSER, etc.
d. Processes of military disengagement.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. evaluate the reasons given for military intervention;
ii. assess the achievements of military rule;
iii. determine the conditions that necessitated withdrawal from the political scene.
PART III: FOREIGN POLICY AND NIGERIA’S RELATIONSHIP WITH THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY
1Foreign Policy:
Topics / contents / notes
– Definition, purpose, determining factors; formulation and implementation.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. Define foreign policy, identify and explain its determinants
2Nigeria’s Foreign Policy:
Topics / contents / notes
a. Relations with major powers;
b. Relations with developing countries, e.g. the Technical Aid Corps (TAC), Peace-Keeping Operations etc.
c. Nigeria’s Non-Alignment Policy.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. identify the major objectives of Nigeria’s foreign policy.
ii. analyse Nigeria’s non-aligned posture during the cold war.
3Nigeria’s Relations with African
Topics / contents / notes
Countries:
a. Africa as the “centre piece” of Nigeria’s foreign policy – guiding principles, implementation and implications;
b. NEPAD – origin, objectives and implications.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. evaluate the role of Nigeria in continental affairs;
ii. assess the role of NEPAD in developing Africa.
4Nigeria in International Organizations
Topics / contents / notes
a. The United Nations;
b. The Commonwealth;
c. The Organization of African Unity;
d. The African Union;
e. The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS);
f. The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC).
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. analyse the dynamics of Nigeria’s involvement in international organizations;
ii. assess their contribution to the development of Nigeria.
PART IV: INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS:
1International Organizations:
Topics / contents / notes
a. ECOWAS;
b. OAU, AU;
c. Commonwealth;
d. OPEC;
e. UNO;
f. African Petroleum Producers Association;
– Origin, objectives, structure, functions, achievements, problems and prospects of these organizations.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. evaluate the operations of these international organizations;
ii. assess the role of these organizations in world affairs;
iii. appreciate the challenges of these organizations and how they can be overcome.
RECOMMENDED TEXTS
- Adigwe, F (1985) Essentials of Government for West Africa, Ibadan: University Press Plc.
- Anifowose, R and Enemuo, F. C. (eds)(1999) Elements of Politics, Lagos; Malthouse Press Limited.
- Appadorai, A. (1978) The Substance of Politics, London: Oxford University Press.
- Ball, A. R. (1983) Modern Politics and Government, London: Macmillan.
- Christopher, O. (2022). Fundamental of Government A complete Guide for Schools and Colleges. Markins (Ugo) International Company Press, Delta State, Nigeria.
- Dibie, C. Chris (2020) Essential Government for Senior Secondary Schools, Ibafo, Ogun State; Tonad Publishers Limited.
- Gboyega, A; Obiyan, S. & Mimiko, F. (ed.) (2001) Exam Focus Government for WASSC & SSCE, Ibadan: Ibadan University Press Plc.
- Ofoegbu, R. (1977) Government for the Certificate Year, London: George Allen and Unwin.
- Olawale, J. B (1987) New Topics on Ordinary Level Government, Ilesha: Jola Publishing.
- Oluonye, A. U. (2023). Government Simplified Completely Revised and Expanded for Senior Secondary Schools SSS1-3. Andyson Press Limited, Garki-FCT-Abuja.
- Oyediran, O. Nwosu, H., Takaya, B., Anifowoshe, R., Femi, B., Godwill, O. and Adigun, A. (1990) Government for Senior Secondary Schools, Books 1, 2 and 3, Ibadan: Longman.
- Oyeneye, I., Onyenwenu, M. and Olusunde, B. E. (2000) Round-Up Government for Senior Secondary School Certificate Examination: A Complete Guide, Ibadan: Longman.
- Oyovbaire, S., Ogunna, A. E. C., Amucheazi, E. C., Coker, H. O. and Oshuntuyi, O. (2001) Countdown to Senior Secondary Certificate Examination: Government, Ibadan: Evans.
History
42 topicsOfficial JAMB syllabus
General objectives
The aim of the Unified Tertiary Matriculation Examination (UTME) syllabus in History is to prepare the candidates for the Board’s examinations. It is designed to test their achievement of the course objectives, which are to:
- 1. Impart knowledge of Nigerian history from earliest times to the present;
- 2. Identify the similarities and relationships among the peoples of Nigeria as they relate to the issues of national unity and integration;
- 3. Appreciate Nigerian history as the basis to understand West African and African history;
- 4. Apply history to understand Nigerian and Africa’s relationship with the wider world;
- 5. analyse issues of modernization and development;
- 6. Relate the past to the present and plan for the future.
SECTION A: THE NIGERIA AREA UP TO 1800
1Land and Peoples of the Nigeria Area:
Topics / contents / notes
a. Geographical zones and the people.
b. The people’s relationship with the environment
c. Main physical features and the impact of geography on human activity e.g., hunting, fishing, farming etc.
d. Relations and integration among the peoples of different zones.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. identify the geographical zones and the people within them;
ii. establish the relationship between the people and the environment
iii. relate the impact of geography on human activity in the specific zones
iv. Comprehend the relationships among the various peoples of the Nigeria area.
2Early Centres of Civilization:
Topics / contents / notes
a. Nok, Daima, Ife, Benin, Igbo Ukwu and Iwo Eleru
b. Monuments and shelter systems: (Kuyambana, Durbi-ta-Kusheyi, city walls, moats and palaces)
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. highlight the main features of the early centres of civilization
ii. examine the significance of various centres;
iii. establish the historical significance of the various monuments such as caves and rocky formations;
3Origins and formation of States in the Nigeria Area
Topics / contents / notes
a. Central Sudan –Kanuri and Hausa, states.
b. Niger-Benue Valley – Nupe, Jukun, Igala, Idoma, Tiv and Ebira
c. Eastern Forest Belt – Igbo and Ibibio
d. Western Forest Belt – Yoruba and Edo
e. Coastal and Niger–Delta – Efik, Ijo, Itsekiri and Urhobo
i. Factors influencing their origin and migration
ii. Social and political organizations
iii. Inter-State relations, religion war and peace.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. relate the different groups of people occupying the various zones to their traditions of origin;
ii. determine the inter-state relations;
iii. account for their social and political organizations;
iv. highlight the differences between centralized and non- centralized (acephalous) states.
4Economic Activities and Growth of States:
Topics / contents / notes
a. Agriculture – hunting, farming, fishing, animal husbandry and horticulture.
b. Industries – pottery, salt-making, iron- smelting, blacksmithing, leather-working, wood-carving, cloth-making, dyeing and food processing.
c. Trade and trade routes: – local, regional, long distance, including the trade in slaves and trans-Sahara trade.
d. Expansion of states.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. identify the various economic activities of the people;
ii. differentiate the economic activities and specialties of the people;
iii. relate trade and other economic activities to the growth of the states.
5External Influences:
Topics / contents / notes
a. North Africans/Arabs/Tuaregs
i. introduction, spread and impact of Islam;
ii. trans-Saharan trade.
b. Europeans:
i. early European trade with the coastal states.
ii. the trans-Atlantic slave trade (origin, organization and impact)
iii. impact of early missionary activities in the coastal areas.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. assess the impact of the contact with North Africa on the people and states South of the Sahara;
ii. highlight the role of the tuaregs in the trans Saharan trade;
iii. examine the impact of early European contact with the coastal people;
iv. Outline the impact of the early Christians missionary activities in the costal arears;
v. trace the origin, organization and impact of the trans-Atlantic slave trade.
SECTION B: THE NIGERIA AREA 1800 – 1900
1The Sokoto Caliphate
Topics / contents / notes
The Sokoto Jihad – (causes, course and consequences)
a. The causes and the process of the jihad
b. The establishment and administration of the caliphate and relations with neighbours
c. The achievements and impact of the caliphate.
d. The collapse of the caliphate.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. examine the causes, and the course of the Jihad;
ii. determine the factors that led to the rise of the caliphate;
iii. examine the administrative set-up of the caliphate and its relations with its neighbours;
iv. examine the impact of the caliphate;
v. trace the internal and external factors that led to the collapse of the caliphate.
2Kanem-Borno
Topics / contents / notes
a. The long survival and collapse of the Saifawa dynasty
b. Borno under the Shehus
c. Borno under Rabeh
d. Borno and the Sokoto caliphate.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. highlight the factors for the long survival of the Saifawa dynasty;
ii. determine the factors that led to the collapse of the Saifawa dynasty;
iii. examine Borno under the administration of the Shehus;
iv. assess the role of Rabeh in Borno’s history.
3Yorubaland:
Topics / contents / notes
a. The fall of the Old Oyo Empire;
b. The Yoruba wars and their impact;
c. The peace treaty of 1886 and its aftermath.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. examine the causes and the implications of the fall of the Old Oyo Empire;
ii. examine the causes and effects of the Yoruba wars;
iii. assess the impact of the 1886 peace treaty.
4Benin
Topics / contents / notes
a. Internal political and cultural development
b. Relations with neighbours
c. Relations with the Europeans
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. examine the internal political and cultural development;
ii. examine her relations with her neighbours;
iii. assess her relationship with the Europeans.
5Nupe
Topics / contents / notes
a. Internal political and cultural development
b. Relations with neighbours.
c. Nupe Imperialism.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. examine Nupe internal political and cultural development;
ii. assess her relations with her neighbours;
iii. highlight the scope and nature of Nupe Imperialism.
6Igbo
Topics / contents / notes
a. Internal political and cultural development
b. Relations with neighbours.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. examine Igbo internal political and cultural development.
ii. assess her relations with her neighbours.
7Efik
Topics / contents / notes
a. Internal political and cultural development
b. Relations with neighbours.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. examine Efik internal political and cultural development.
ii. assess her relations with her neighbours.
8European Penetration and Impact:
Topics / contents / notes
a. European exploration of the interior.
b. The suppression of the trans-Atlantic slave trade.
c. The development of commodity trade and rise of consular authority.
d. Christian missionary activities.
e. The activities of the trading companies.
f. Impact of European activities on the coast and the hinterland.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. examine the motive for the exploration of the interior.
ii. give reasons for the suppression of the trans-Atlantic slave trade;
iii. trace the development of commodity trade;
iv. examine missionary and European activities in the area;
v. assess the activities of the European trading companies
vi. account for the rise of consular authority.
9British Conquest of the Nigeria Area:
Topics / contents / notes
a. The first phase of the British conquest of Nigeria 1851 – 1900
b. Second phase of the conquest and motives
c. Methods of the conquest and its result;
d. Resistance to and aftermath of the conquest.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. highlight the factors responsible for the bombardment and annexation of Lagos;
ii. determine the reasons for the conquest and the methods used during the second phase;
iii. examine the various acts of resistance to the conquest;
iv. evaluate the results and the aftermath of the conquest.
SECTION C: NIGERIA 1900 – 1960
1The Establishment of Colonial Rule up to 1914:
Topics / contents / notes
a. Pacification and occupation of the territories
b. Resistance to the pacification and occupation i.e. The Ekumeku Movement in Asaba hinterland 1898 – 1911, The Satiru uprising of 1906.
c. Administration of the Protectorates.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. outline the various features and methods of the British pacification and occupation of the territories;
ii. examine the administrative set-up of the Protectorates;
2The Amalgamation of 1914:
Topics / contents / notes
a. Reasons
b. Effects
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. examine the reasons for the 1914 Amalgamation and its effects.
3Colonial Administration After the Amalgamation:
Topics / contents / notes
a. Central Administration: – Legislative and Executive Councils
b. Indirect Rule – reasons, working and effects
c. Local administrative institutions, Native Authorities, Native Courts and Native Treasuries.
d. Resistance to colonial rule- Egba Anti- tax Agitation of 1918, and the Aba Women Movement in 1929.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. relate the composition of the central administrative set-up to its consequences;
ii. identify the reasons for the introduction and workings of the indirect rule system;
iii. assess the effects of indirect rule;
iv. examine the local administrative units.
v. account for the anti-colonial movements and their significance.
4iv. The Colonial Economy:
Topics / contents / notes
a. currency, taxation and forced labour
b. Infrastructure (transportation, post and telecommunications)
c. Agriculture
d. Mining
e. Industry
f. Commerce
g. Banking.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. examine the nature of the economy as it affected the society under colonial rule.
5Social Development under Colonial Rule:
Topics / contents / notes
a. Western education
b. Urbanization/social integration
c. Improvement unions
d. Health institutions
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. identify the scope of social development under colonial rule;
ii. examine the impact of urbanization on the people;
iii. examine the level of social integration among the people.
6Constitutional Developments, Nationalism and Independence:
Topics / contents / notes
a. The 1922 Clifford Constitution and the rise of Nigeria’s first political party.
b. World War II and the agitation for independence
c. The rise of nationalist movements;
d. The Richards Constitution of 1946
e. The Macpherson Constitution of 1951.
f. Party politics – regionalism, federalism and minority question.
g. Lyttleton Constitution of 1954.
h. Constitutional Conferences in Lagos in 1957 and London in 1958
i. The general elections of 1959 and independence in 1960.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. highlight the significance of the Clifford constitution of 1922
ii. examine the effect of World War II on the agitations for independence and constitutional developments;
iii. trace the emergence of the nationalist movement;
iv. assess the roles of the different constitutions in constitutional development;
v. trace the development of party politics and its impact on regionalism and the minority question;
vi. examine the impact of the constitutional conferences on the move towards independence;
vii. determine the factors that aided the attainment of independence;
SECTION D: NIGERIA SINCE INDEPENDENCE
1The Politics of the First Republic and Military intervention
Topics / contents / notes
a. Struggle for the control of the centre;
b. Issue of revenue allocation
c. The 1962/63 census controversies
d. The 1963 Republican constitution
e. Minority agitations
f. The Action Group crisis and the General Elections of 1964/65.
g. The coup d’etat of January 1966 and the counter coup of July, 1966
h. The Ironsi Regime.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. give reasons behind the struggle for the control of the centre;
ii. account for the controversies in revenue allocation;
iii. account for the controversies generated by the 1962/63 census;
iv. highlight the key features and significance of the 1963 constitution
v. account for the controversies generated by minority agitations and the quest for creation of states;
vi. examine the problems created by the Action Group crisis and the General Elections of 1964/65;
vii. analyse the consequences of the 1966 military intervention.
2The Nigerian Civil War:
Topics / contents / notes
a. Causes
b. Course
c. Effects
Objectives
i. examine the remote and immediate causes of the war;
ii. examine the course;
iii. assess the effects of the war;
Candidates should be able to
3The Gowon Regime.
Topics / contents / notes
Objectives
i. assess the challenges and achievements of the Gowon Regime.
Candidates should be able to:
4Murtala/Obasanjo Regime
Topics / contents / notes
Objectives
i. assess the challenges and achievements of the Murtala/Obasanjo Regime;
Candidates should be able to:
5The Second Republic
Topics / contents / notes
Objectives
i. evaluate the challenges and achievements of the Second Republic.
Candidates should be able to:
6The Buhari Regime
Topics / contents / notes
Objectives
i. assess the challenges and achievements of the Buhari Regime.
7The Babangida Regime
Topics / contents / notes
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. assess the challenges and achievements of the Babangida Regime;
8The Interim National Government (ING)
Topics / contents / notes
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. examine the role and challenges of the Interim National Government.
9The Abacha Regime
Topics / contents / notes
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. assess the challenges and achievements of the Abacha Regime.
10Transition to the Fourth Republic
Topics / contents / notes
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. assess challenges and achievements of the Abdulsalami Regime;
ii. examine the role of the key actors in the transition process and the growth and development of the Fourth Republic.
11Nigeria in International Organizations;
Topics / contents / notes
a. Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS),
b. African Union (AU)
c. Commonwealth of Nations
d. Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
e. United Nations Organization.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. examine the role of Nigeria in ECOWAS
ii. assess the role of Nigeria in the AU
iii. evaluate the role of Nigeria in the Commonwealth of Nations
iv. assess the role of Nigeria in the OPEC
v. examine the role of Nigeria in the UN
vi. examine the role of Nigeria in conflict resolutions in the Congo, Chad, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Guinea and the Sudan.
PART II: AFRICA AND THE WIDER WORLD SINCE 1800 — SECTION A: WEST AND NORTH AFRICA
1Islamic Reform Movements and State
Topics / contents / notes
Building in West Africa:
a. Relationship between Sokoto and other Jihads.
b. The Jihads of Seku Ahmadu and Al-Hajj Umar
c. The activities of Samori Toure.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. establish the relationship between the Sokoto Jihad and other Jihads in West Africa:
ii. compare the achievements of the Jihads of Seku Ahmadu and Al-Hajj Umar.
iii. examine the activities of Samori Toure of the Madinka Empire.
2Sierra Leone, Liberia and Christian
Topics / contents / notes
Missionary Activities in West Africa
a. The foundation of Sierra Leone and Liberia and the spread of Christianity
b. The activities and impact of Christian missionaries.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. determine the factors that led to the founding of Sierra Leone and Liberia;
ii. examine the importance of Sierra Leone and Liberia in the spread and impact of Christianity in West Africa.
iii. assess the impact of Christian missionary activities in West Africa.
3Egypt under Mohammed Ali and Khedive
Topics / contents / notes
Ismail:
a. The rise of Mohammad Ali and his reforms
b. Mohammad Ali’s relations with the Europeans
c. Ismail’s fiscal policies
d. The British occupation of Egypt
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. determine the factors that aided Mohammad Ali’s rise to power and his reforms;
ii. establish the relationship between Mohammad Ali’s Empire and the Europeans;
iii. account for the fiscal policies of Ismail;
iv. examine the reasons for the British occupation of Egypt.
PART II: AFRICA AND THE WIDER WORLD SINCE 1800 — SECTION B: HORN OF AFRICA AND SOUTHERN AFRICA
1Ethiopia in the 19th century
Topics / contents / notes
a. The rise of Theodore II and his attempt at the unification of Ethiopia
b. Menelik II and Ethiopian independence.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. examine the factors that led to the rise of Theodore II as the Emperor of Ethiopia;
ii. analyse the strategies that were adopted to achieve Ethiopian unification.
iii. assess the role of Menelik II in the maintenance of Ethiopian independence
2The Mfecane:
Topics / contents / notes
a. The rise of the Zulu Nation
b. Causes, Course and consequences of the Mfecane
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. trace events in Nguniland before the Mfecane;
ii. determine the factors that led to the rapid rise of Shaka.
iii. examine the causes, course and consequences of the Mfecane.
3The Great Trek
Topics / contents / notes
a. The frontier wars
b. British intervention in the Boer African relations
c. The Great Trek and its consequences.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. determine the factors that led to the frontier wars;
ii. account for British intervention in the Boer-African relations;
iii. describe the nature of the Great Trek;
iv. examine its consequences.
PART II: AFRICA AND THE WIDER WORLD SINCE 1800 — SECTION C: IMPERIALISM, COLONIALISM AND PROBLEMS OF NATION- BUILDING IN AFRICA
1The New Imperialism and European Occupation of Africa
Topics / contents / notes
a. The New Imperialism in Africa
b. European scramble for Africa
c. The Berlin Conference
d. The occupation and resistance by Africans.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. understand the concept of the New Imperialism
ii. assess the justifications for the New Imperialism
iii. examine the causes of the scramble and the nations involved;
iv. account for the significance of the Berlin Conference;
iv. highlight African resistance to the occupation.
2Patterns of Colonial Rule in Africa:
Topics / contents / notes
a. The British
b. The French
c. The Portuguese
d. The Belgians
e. The Germans
f. The Spanish
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. examine and compare the patterns of colonial rule by the various European powers.
3The Politics of Decolonization
Topics / contents / notes
a. Colonial policies and African discontent
b. The impact of the two World Wars
c. Nationalist activities and the emergence of political parties and associations
d. Strategies for attaining independence
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. examine the policies employed by the colonial rulers and the magnitude of African discontent;
ii. assess the impact of the First and Second World Wars on African nationalism;
iii. determine the strategies used in the attainment of independence.
4Apartheid in South Africa
Topics / contents / notes
a. The origin of Apartheid
b. Rise of Afrikaner Nationalism
c. Enactment of Apartheid laws
d. Internal reactions to Apartheid and the suppression of African Nationalist movements
e. External reactions to Apartheid, the Frontline States, the Commonwealth of Nations, OAU and the UN.
f. The dismantling of Apartheid
g. Post-Apartheid developments
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. trace the origin of Apartheid in South Africa;
ii. give reasons for the rise of Afrikaner Nationalism;
iii. highlight Apartheid laws;
iv. relate the internal reactions to Apartheid to the African struggle for majority rule;
v. relate the contributions of African states and international organizations to the fight against Apartheid;
vi. identify the steps taken towards the dismantling of Apartheid in South Africa
vii. assess the post-Apartheid developments in South Africa.
5Problems of Nation-building in Africa
Topics / contents / notes
a. Political and economic challenges and constraints
b. Physical and environmental challenges
c. Ethnic and religious pluralism
d. Military intervention and political instability.
e. Neo-colonialism and under -development.
f. Boundary disputes and threat to African unity
g. Civil wars and the refugee problem.
h. Terrorism
i. Globalisation.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. examine the political and economic problems faced by African countries in nation-building;
ii. assess the effects of natural disasters on Africa
iii. determine the role of ethnic and religious problems in Africa;
iv. examine the role and implications of military interventions in African politics;
v. examine the role and implications of neo-colonialism in Africa;
vi. highlight the problems of boundary disputes;
vii. establish the relationship between civil wars and refugee problems in Africa
viii. examine the consequences of terrorism for African states and societies
ix. enumerate the effects of globalisation on African nations.
RECOMMENDED TEXTS
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- Barkindo, B. et al (1989) Africa and the Wider World, Vol. 1. Lagos: Longman.
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- Boahen, A (1969) The Revolutionary years: Africa since 1800 Longman publishers.
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- Sokoto Caliphate: History and Legacies, 1804 – 2004, vols. I and II, Kaduna: Arewa House.
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- Ikime, O and Osoba, S. O. (eds) (undated): Peoples and Kingdoms of West Africa in the Pre-colonial Period, Vol. 5, No. 1 London: Longman.
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Geography
24 topicsOfficial JAMB syllabus
General objectives
The aim of the Unified Tertiary Matriculation Examination (UTME) syllabus in Geography is to prepare the candidates for the Board’s examination. It is designed to test their achievement of the course objectives, which are to:
- 1. handle and interpret topographical maps, photographs, statistical data and diagrams and basic field survey;
- 2. demonstrate knowledge of man’s physical and human environment and how man lives and earns a living on earth surface with special reference to Nigeria and Africa;
- 3. show understanding of the interrelationship between man and his environment;
- 4. apply geographical concepts, skills and principles to solving problems;
- 5. understand field work techniques and the study of a local area in the field.
I. PRACTICAL GEOGRAPHY
AMaps
Topics / contents / notes
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
A i. define and identify different types and uses
of maps
BScale and measurement of distances, areas reduction and enlargement, directions, bearings and gradients with reference to topographical maps.
Topics / contents / notes
Objectives
B i. apply the different types of scale to
distances and area measurement;
ii. understand conversion of scales
iii. apply the knowledge of scale to gradients,
map reduction and enlargement;
iv. apply the knowledge of directions and
bearings to geographical features.
CMap reading and interpretation; drawing of cross profiles, recognition of intervisibility, recognition and description of physical and human features and relationship as depicted on topographical maps.
Topics / contents / notes
Objectives
C i. illustrate the relief of an area through
profile drawing;
ii. interpret physical and human features from
topographical maps.
DInterpretation of statistical data; maps and diagrams
Topics / contents / notes
Objectives
D i. Compute quantitative information from
statistical data, diagrams and maps,
ii. interpret statistical data, diagrams and maps.
EElementary Surveying; chain and prismatic, open and close traverse, procedure, problems, advantages and disadvantages.
Topics / contents / notes
Objectives
E i. analyse the principle and procedure of each
technique;
ii. compare the advantages and disadvantages of
the two techniques.
FGeographic Information System (GIS): components, techniques, data sources, applications
Topics / contents / notes
Objectives
F i. understand GIS and its uses.
ii. understand the basic concepts and
components;
iii. express locations through the use of
latitudes, longitudes, zipcodes etc;
iv. understand land surveying, remote sensing,
map digitizing, map scanning as sources of
data;
v. explain areas of use: Defense, Agriculture,
Rural Development etc;
vi. identify problems with GIS in Nigeria.
II. PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY
AThe earth as a planet
Topics / contents / notes
i. The earth in the solar system,
rotation and revolution;
ii. The shape and size of the earth
iii. Latitudes and distances, longitudes
and time;
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
A i. identify the relative positions of the planets
in the solar system;
ii. understand the effects of the rotation and
revolution of the earth;
iii. provide proof for the shape and size of the
earth;
iv. differentiate between latitudes and
longitudes;
v. relate lines of latitude to calculation of
distance;
vi. relate lines of longitude to calculation of
time;
BThe Earth Crust
Topics / contents / notes
i. The structure of the earth (internal
and external) Relationships among the
four spheres.
ii. Rocks: Types, characteristics, modes of
formation and uses
iii. Earth’s movement: Tectonic forces
iv. Major Landforms: Mountains, Plateau,
Plains, Coastal landforms, karst
topography and desert landforms
Objectives
B i. compare the internal and external
components of the earth;
ii. understand the existing relationship among
atmosphere, biosphere and hydrosphere in
terms of energy balance and water cycle;
iii. differentiate between major types of rocks
and their characteristics;
iv. analyse the processes of rock formation and
the resultant features;
v. indicate the uses of rocks;
vi. differentiate between tensional and
compressional forces and the resultant
landforms;
vii. identify and describe the major landforms;
CVolcanism and Earthquakes
Topics / contents / notes
i. Landforms associated with volcanic
activities
ii. Landforms of Igneous Rocks
iii. Origin and types of Volcanoes
iv. Some volcanic eruptions and earthquakes.
Objectives
C i. explain the processes of volcanic eruptions
and earthquakes;
ii. describe the different landforms associated
with both volcanic eruptions and earthquakes;
iii. give examples of major volcanic eruptions
and earthquakes in the world.
DDenudation processes in the tropics
Topics / contents / notes
i. Weathering
ii. Erosion
iii. Mass movement
iv. Deposition
Objectives
D i. identify the agents of denudation (water,
wind and waves);
ii. identify the landforms associated with each
process and agent.
EWater Bodies
Topics / contents / notes
i. Oceans and seas (world distribution,
salinity and uses)
ii. Ocean currents: types, distribution, causes
and effects;
iii. Lakes: types, distribution and uses.
iv. Rivers: Action of running water.
Objectives
E i. locate oceans and seas on the globe;
ii. examine the characteristics and uses of
oceans and seas;
iii. classify the types of ocean currents;
iv. account for the distribution of ocean
currents;
v. evaluate the causes and effects of ocean
currents;
vi. identify the types and location of lakes;
vii. indicate the characteristics and uses of lakes;
viii. identify the landforms of the different stages
of a river course.
FWeather and Climate
Topics / contents / notes
i. Concept of weather and climate
ii. Elements of weather and climate
iii. Factors controlling weather and climate
(pressure, air mass, altitude, continentality
and winds)
iv. Classification of climate (Greek and
Koppen).
v. Major climate types (Koppen), their
characteristics and distribution.
vi. Measuring and recording weather
parameters and instruments used.
vii. The basic science of climate change.
Objectives
F i. differentiate between weather and climate;
ii. identify the elements of weather and climate;
iii. identify the factors controlling weather and
climate;
iv. compare Koppen’s and Greek’s classifications;
v. identify the major types of climate according
to Koppen;
vii. relate the weather instruments to their uses;
viii. define climate change;
ix. understand the causes of climate change;
x. understand the effects and remedies of
climate change.
GVegetation
Topics / contents / notes
i. Factors controlling growth of plants
ii. The concept of vegetation e.g., plant
communities and succession
iii. Major types of vegetation, their
characteristics and distribution,
iv. Impact of human activities on vegetation.
Objectives
G i. trace the factors controlling the growth
of plants;
ii. analyse the process of vegetation
development;
iii. identify the types, their characteristics
and distribution;
iv. assess the impact of human activities
on vegetation;
v. identify the importance of vegetation.
HSoils
Topics / contents / notes
i. Definition and properties
ii. Factors and processes of formation
iii. Soil profiles
iv. Major tropical types, their
characteristics, distribution and uses;
v. Impact of human activities on soils.
Objectives
H i. classify soils and their properties;
ii. identify the factors of formation;
iii. differentiate between the different types
of soil horizons and their characteristics;
iv. compare the major tropical soil types and
uses of soils;
v. account for the distribution and uses of soils;
vi. assess the impact of human activities
on soils.
I i. interpret the concept of environmental
IEnvironmental Resources;
Topics / contents / notes
i. Types of resources (atmospheric, land,
soil, vegetation and minerals)
ii. The concept of renewable and non-
renewable resources;
Objectives
resources;
ii. relate environmental resources to their
uses;
iii. differentiate between the concepts of
renewable and non-renewable resources.
J i. identify the components of land
JEnvironmental interaction:
Topics / contents / notes
i. Land ecosystem
ii. Environmental balance and human
interaction
iii. Effects of human activities on land
ecosystem
Objectives
ecosystem;
ii. establish the interrelationship within the
ecosystem;
iii. interpret the concept of environmental
balance;
iv. analyse the effects of human activities on
land ecosystem.
K i. identify the natural hazards and their causes;
KEnvironmental hazards:
Topics / contents / notes
i. Natural hazards (droughts, earthquakes,
volcanic eruptions, flooding)
ii. Man-induced (soil erosion, deforestation,
pollution, flooding and desertification)
iii. Effects, prevention and control of
hazards.
Objectives
ii. relate the human-induced hazards to their
causes;
iii. locate the major areas where environmental
harzards are common and their effects;
iv. recommend possible methods of
prevention and control.
L i. explain with examples environmental
LEnvironmental Conservation:
Topics / contents / notes
i. Need for environmental conservation
ii. Resources for conservation
iii. Method of conservation
iv. Problems and difficulties
Objectives
conservation;
ii. identify the resources for conservation;
iii. discuss the different methods of
environmental conservation;
iv. explain the need/importance of
environmental conservation.
III. HUMAN GEOGRAPHY
APopulation
Topics / contents / notes
i. World population with particular
reference to the Amazon Basin, N.E.
U.S.A., India, Japan and the West Coast
of Southern Africa.
ii. Characteristics – birth and death rates,
ages/sex structure.
iii. Factors and patterns of population
distribution;
iv. Factors and problems of population
growth.
v. Types, causes and effects of migration
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
A i. define different concepts of population;
ii. identify the characteristics of
population (growth rates and structure);
iii. determine the factors and the patterns of
population distribution;
iv. identify the factors and problems of
population growth;
v. relate the types of migration to their
causes and effects;
vi. account for the ways population constitute
a resource.
BSettlement with particular reference to Western Europe, the USA, Middle East and West Africa:
Topics / contents / notes
i. Types and patterns: rural and urban,
dispersed, nucleated and linear;
ii. Rural settlement: classification, factors of
growth and functions;
iii. Urban settlement – classification,
factors of growth and functions.
iv. Factor of settlement location
v. Problems of urban centres
vi. Interrelationship between rural and
urban settlements.
Objectives
B i. differentiate between types of
settlements; (rural and urban);
ii. classify the patterns and functions of
rural settlements;
iii. classify the patterns and functions of
urban settlements;
iv. identify the factors of settlement location
v. identify the problems of urban centres;
vi. establish the interrelationship between rural
and urban settlements.
CSelected economic activities
Topics / contents / notes
i. Types of economic activities: primary,
secondary, tertiary and quartnary;
ii. Agriculture: types, system, factors and
problems
iii. Manufacturing industries, types,
locational factors, distribution and
socio-economic importance and problems of industrialization in tropical Africa.
iv. Transportation and Communication types,
roles in economic development and
communication in tropical Africa.
v. World trade: -factors and pattern of
world trade, major commodities (origin,
routes and destinations).
vi. Tourism: definition, importance,
location, problems and solutions.
Objectives
C i. identify the types of economic activities;
ii. differentiate between the types of
economic activities;
iii. assess the importance and problems of
agriculture as an economic activity;
iv. compare the types of manufacturing
industries;
v. identify the factors of industrial location;
vi. examine the socio-economic importance
of manufacturing industries;
vii. give reasons for the problems of
industrialization in tropical Africa;
viii. differentiate between the modes of
transportation and communication;
ix. assess the economic importance of
transportation;
x. give reasons for the problems of
transportation in tropical Africa;
xi. relate the factors to the pattern of world
trade;
xii. classify the major commodities of trade
in terms of their origins, routes and
destination;
xiii. analyse tourism as an economic activity;
xiv. identify the problems of tourism and
their solutions.
IV. REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY
ABroad outline of Nigeria
Topics / contents / notes
i. Location, position, size, political division
(states) and peoples;
ii. Boundaries and neighbours
iii. Physical setting: geology, relief,
landform, climate and drainage,
vegetation and soils;
iv. Population: size, distribution, migration,
(types, problems and effects);
v. Natural resources: types (minerals, soils,
water, vegetation, etc.) distribution, uses
and conservation.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
A i. describe the location, size and political
divisions of Nigeria;
ii. identify the boundaries and neighbours of
Nigeria;
iii. identify the ethnic groups and their
distributions;
iv. relate the components of physical settings to
their effects on human activities;
v. account for the pattern of population
distribution;
vi. examine the types of migration, their
problems and effects;
vii. identify the types of natural resources
and their distribution;
viii. indicate the uses and conservation of natural
resources.
BEconomic and Human Geography:
Topics / contents / notes
i. Agricultural Systems: the major crops
produced, problems of agricultural
development in Nigeria.
ii. Manufacturing Industries: factors of
location, types of products, marketing
and problems associated with
manufacturing;
iii. Transportation and Communication:
modes of transportation and
communication and their relative
advantages and disadvantages;
iv. Trade: Regional and International
Trade, advantages and disadvantages;
v. Tourism: definition, importance,
problems and solutions.
Objectives
B i. compare the farming systems practised in
Nigeria;
ii. identify the crops produced and the problems
encountered;
iii. identify the types and location of the major
manufacturing industries;
iv. determine the factors of industrial location
and the problems associated with the
industries;
v. establish the relationship between transport
and communication;
vi. relate the modes of transportation and
communication to their relative advantages
and disadvantages;
vii. classify the major commodities of
regional and international trade;
viii. identify the importance of tourism and
tourist centres;
ix. account for the problems of tourisim and
their solutions.
CECOWAS
Topics / contents / notes
i. Meaning and objectives
ii. Member states
iii. Purpose/mandate
iv. Advantages and disadvantages
v. Problems and solutions.
Objectives
C i. State the meaning, purpose and objectives;
ii. identify and locate the member countries;
iii. understand the purpose/mandate of the
organization;
iv. evaluate the prospects and problems of the
organization.
RECOMMENDED TEXTS
- Adeleke, B.O. Areola .O. 2002 and Leong, G.C. Certificate Physical and Human Geography for Senior Secondary School (West African Edition), Ibadan: Oxford.
- Balogun, O.Y. (2009) Senior Secondary Atlas, Nigeria: Longman, Nigeria.
- Bradshaw, M. et al (2004) Contemporary World Regional Geography, New York: McGraw Hill.
- Bunet, R.B and Okunrotifa, P.O.(1999) General Geography in Diagrams for West Africa, China: Longman.
- Collins New Secondary Atlas, Macmillan.
- Emiela, S.A. (2014) Senior Secondary Geography (New Syllabus Edition), Geographical Bureau Nig. Ltd.
- Fellman, D. et al (2005) Introduction to Geography (Seventh Edition) New York: McGraw Hill.
- Getis, A. et al (2004) Introduction to Geography (Ninth Edition) New York: McGraw Hill.
- Iloeje, N. P(1999) A New Geography of West Africa, Hong Kong: Longman.
- Iloeje, N.P(1982) A New Geography of Nigeria (New Education), Hong Kong: London.
- Iwena, O.A. (2018) Essential Geography for Senior Secondary Schools. Ibafo, Nigeria: Tonad Publishers Limited.
- Nimako, D.A. (2000) Map Reading of West Africa, Essex: Longman.
- Okunrotifa, P.O. and Michael S. (2000) A Regional Geography of Africa (New Edition), Essex: London.
- Udo, R.K(1970) Geographical Regions of Nigeria, London: Longman.
- Waugh, D. (1995) Geography an Integrated Approach (Second Edition), China: Nelson.
- Wisdomline Pass at Once JAMB.
- Adegoke, M.A (2013), A Comprehensive Text on Physical, Human and Regional Geography.
Arts & Humanities
Literature in English
5 topicsOfficial JAMB syllabus
General objectives
AIM: The aims of the Unified Tertiary Matriculation Examination (UTME) syllabus in Literature in English is to prepare the candidates for the Board’s examination. Which are to generate, deepen and sustain interest in literature in English generally, and create awareness and understanding of the principles and techniques of all the genres of literature from diverse cultures.
OBJECTIVES: It is designed to test their achievement of the course objectives which are to:
- • stimulate and sustain their interest in Literature in English;
- • create an awareness of the general principles of Literature and the functions of language:
- • appreciate literary works of all genres and across all cultures;
- • apply the knowledge of Literature in English to the understanding of cultural literature, political and economic activities in the society.
1DRAMA
Topics / contents / notes
a. Types:
i. Tragedy
ii. Comedy
iii. Tragicomedy
iv. Melodrama
v. Farce
vi. Opera etc.
b. Dramatic Techniques
i. Characterisation
ii. Dialogue
iii. Flashback
iv. Mime
v. Costume
vi. Music/Dance
vii. Décor/scenery
viii. Acts/Scenes
ix. Soliloquy/aside
x. Figures of Speech.
c. Interpretation of the Prescribed Texts
i. Theme
ii. Plot
iii. Socio-political context
iv. Setting
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
a.i. identify the various types of drama;
a.ii. analyse the contents of the various types of drama;
a.iii. compare and contrast the features of different types of drama.
b.i. demonstrate adequate knowledge of dramatic techniques and stage directions used in each prescribed text;
b.ii. differentiate between styles of selected playwrights; c.i determine the theme of any prescribed text;
c.ii. identify the plot of the play;
c.iii. apply the lessons of the play to social reality.
c.iv. identify the spatial setting and temporal period of the play.
2PROSE
Topics / contents / notes
a. Types: Prose fiction
i. Fiction
• Novel
• Novella/Novelette
• Short story
ii. Non-fiction
• Biography
• Autobiography
• Memoir
iii. Faction: combination of fact and fiction
b. Narrative Techniques/Devices:
i. Point of view
• Omniscient
• First Person
• Second person
• Third person
• Stream of consciousness
• Epiphany
ii. Characterisation
• Round, flat, foil, hero, antihero villain, heroine. etc
iii. Language
c. Textual Analysis
i. Theme
ii. Plot
iii. Setting (Temporal/Spatial)
iv. Socio-political context
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
a.i. differentiate between types of novel.
a.ii. identify the category that each prescribed text belongs to;
a.iii. analyse the components of each type of prose;
a.iv. identify the balance of facts and fiction in literary faction.
b.i. identify the narrative techniques used in each of the prescribed texts;
b.ii. determine an author’s narrative style;
b.iii. distinguish between one type of character from another;
b.iv. Grammar, diction and clarity of expression. c.i. determine the thematic pre-occupation of the prescribed text;
c.ii. indicate the plot of the novel;
c.iii. identify the setting and period/timing of the novel.
c.iv. relate the prescribed text to social reality.
3POETRY
Topics / contents / notes
a. Types:
i. Sonnet
ii. Ode
iii. Lyrics
iv. Elegy
v. Ballad
vi. Panegyric
vii. Epic
viii. Blank Verse, etc.
b. Poetic devices
i. Imagery
ii. Sound (Rhyme/Rhythm, repetition, pun, onomatopoeia, etc.)
iii. Diction
iv. Persona
c. Appreciation
i. Thematic preoccupation
ii. Socio-political relevance
iii. Style.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
a.i. identify different types of poetry;
a.ii. identify the distinctive features of the poetic types.
b.i. determine the devices used by various poets;
b.ii. show how poetic devices are used for aesthetic effect in each poem;
b.iii. identify the figure of speech in the texts.
b.iv. Show how poetic devices convey message and meaning.
c.i. Deduce the poet’s thematic preoccupation from the poem;
c.ii. appraise poetry as an art with moral values;
c.iii. apply the lessons from the poem to social reality.
4GENERAL LITERARY TERMS AND PRINCIPLES
Topics / contents / notes
a. Literary terms: foreshadowing, suspense, theatre, monologue, dialogue, soliloquy, symbolism, protagonist, antagonist, figures of speech, satire, stream of consciousness, synecdoche, metonymy, etc, in addition to those listed above under the different genres.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
a.i. identify literary terms that are specific to drama, prose and poetry;
a.ii. identify areas of overlap in all the genres e.g. verse in drama and poetry, narration in all the genres.
5LITERARY APPRECIATION
Topics / contents / notes
Unseen passages/extracts from Drama, Prose and Poetry.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. identify literary devices used in a given passage/extract;
ii. provide an interpretation of the given passage/extract;
iii. relate the extract to true life experiences.
A LIST OF SELECTED AFRICAN AND NON-AFRICAN PLAYS, NOVELS AND
- POEMS
- Drama: African:
- i. Efua Sutherland: Marriage of Anansewa
- Non-African:
- i. Williams Shakespeare: Anthony and Cleopatra
- Prose:
- African:
- i. Pede Hollist: So the Path Does not Die
- ii. Elma Shaw: Redemption Road
- Non African:
- i. Susanne Bellefeuille: Path of Lucas: The Journey He Endured
- Poetry:
- African:
- i. Gabriel Okara: Once Upon a Time
- ii. Elizabeth L.A. Kamara: New Tongue
- iii. Wole Soyinka: Night
- iv. Niyi Osundare: Not my Business
- v. S.O.H. Afriyie-Vidza: Hearty Garlands
- vi. Syl Cheney-Coker: The Breast of the Sea
- Non-African:
- i. Lord Byron: She Walks in Beauty
- ii. Geoffery Chaucer: The Nun’s Priest Tale (shortened)
- iii. Fleur Adcock: The Telephone Call
- iv. Wilfred Wilson Gipson: The Stone
RECOMMENDED TEXTS
1. ANTHOLOGIES
- 1. Obafemi, O. and Agoi (eds) Of shadows and Rainbows –Musings in Times of Covid (An Anthology of poems, plays and short stories) PEN Nigeria, Online
- 2. Hayward, J. (ed.) (1968) The Penguin Book of English Verse, London Penguin
- 3. Johnson, R.,Ker, D, Maduka,C. Obafemi,O (eds.) (1996) New Poetry from Africa, Ibadan: UP Plc
- 4. Kermode, F. (1964) Oxford Anthology of English Literature, Vol. II, London: OUP
- 5. Nduke Ofiono and Odoh Diego Okenyodo (eds) Camouflage; Best of contemporary writing from Nigeria, an anthology of new Nigerian writers, mace books association, 2021, New edition.
- 6. Parker, E.W. (ed.) (1980) A Peagent of Longer Poems London: Longman
- 7. Senanu, K. E. and Vincent, T. (eds.) (1993) A Selection of African Poetry, Lagos: Longman
- 8. Soyinka, W. (ed.) (1987) Poems of Black Africa, Ibadan: Heinemann
2. CRITICAL TEXTS
- Abrams, M. H. (1981) A Glossary of Literary Terms, (4th Edition) New York, Holt Rinehalt and Winston
- Emeaba, O. E. (1982) A Dictionary of Literature, Aba: Inteks Press
- Murphy, M. J. (1972) Understanding Unseen, An Introduction to English Poetry and English Novel for Overseas Students, George Allen and Unwin Ltd.
Christian Religious Studies
52 topicsOfficial JAMB syllabus
General objectives
The aim of the Unified Tertiary Matriculation Examination (UTME) syllabus in Christian Religious Studies is to prepare the candidates for the Board’s examination. It is designed to test their achievement of the course objectives, which are to:
The syllabus is divided into four sections, namely:
SECTION A: Themes from Creation to the Division of the Kingdom
SECTION B: Themes from the Division of the Kingdom to the Return from Exile and the Prophets
SECTION C: Themes from the four Gospels and Acts of the Apostles
SECTION D: Themes from selected Epistles
- 1. acquire the knowledge and understanding of the tenets of the Christian faith as contained in the Bible;
- 2. interpret biblical teachings and themes;
- 3. apply biblical teachings and tenets to life in society;
- 4. evaluate the level of application of biblical teachings and tenets to life in society.
SECTION A: Themes from Creation to the Division of the Kingdom
1The Sovereignty of God
Topics / contents / notes
God as Creator and Controller of the Universe (Gen. 1 and 2) cf. Amos 9:5-6; Is. 45:5-12 Ps. 19:1-6; Jer. 18:1-16; Rom. 8:28.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. define the term ‘sovereignty’
ii. analyse God’s process of creation;
iii. interpret the sequence of creation;
iv. identify man’s role in advancing God’s purpose in creation;
v. recognize the sovereignty of God in the affairs of man and nations.
2The Covenant
Topics / contents / notes
(a) The flood and God’s covenant with Noah (Gen. 6:1-22; 7:1-24; 9:1-17)
(b) God’s covenant with Abraham (Gen. 11:31-32; 12:1-9; 17:1-21; 21:1-13; 25:19-26)
(c) God’s covenant with Israel (Ex. 19; 20; 24:1-11) cf. Deut. 28:1-19
(d) The New Covenant (Jer. 31:31-34; Ezek. 36:25-28)
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. explain the concept of covenant;
ii. examine the importance and implication of the covenants;
iii. distinguish between God’s covenants with Noah, Abraham and Israel;
iv. Distinguish between the old and the new covenants.
3Leadership Qualities Examples of (a) Joseph (Gen. 37:1-28; 41:1-57; 45:1-15)
Topics / contents / notes
(b) Moses (Ex. 1; 2; 3; 4:1-17; 5; 12; Num. 13:1-20; 14:1-19)
(c) Joshua (Num. 13:21-33; 27:15-23; Josh. 1:1-15; 6; 7; 24:1-31)
(d) Judges (Deborah – Judges. 4:1-24; Gideon: Judges 6:11-40; Samson : Judges 13:1-7, 21-25; 16:4-31)
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. examine the circumstances that gave rise to the leadership of Joseph, Moses, Joshua and the Judges;
ii. identify the major talents of these leaders;
iii. assess God’s role in the works of these leaders;
iv. analyse the achievements of these leaders.
4Divine Providence, Guidance and Protection
Topics / contents / notes
(a) Guidance (Ex. 13:17-22; Josh. 8:1-22; Heb 1:1; Matt. 11: 27-30)
(b) Protection (Ex. 14:10-31; Dan 6:16-23; Ps. 91)
(c) Provision (Ex. 16:1-21; 17:1-7; 13:20-22; 1Kgs 17:1-16; Num: 20:1-13)
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. identify the different ways by which God guided and protected the people of Israel;
ii. specify how God provided for His people;
iii. identify the different occasions when God provided for Israel.
iv. recognize that God still provides for people today
5Parental Responsibility Examples of (a) Eli and Samuel (1 Sam. 2:11-36; 3:2-18; 4:10-22: 8:15)
Topics / contents / notes
(b) David (11 Sam. 13; 15:1-29; 18; 19:1-8)
(c) Asa (1 Kings 15:9-15; 22:41-44; cf. Deut. 6:4-9; Prov. 4:1-10; 13:1; 24; 22:6; 23:13- 14; 31:10-31)
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. . determine the extent to which Eli, Samuel and David were responsible for the short-comings of their children;
ii. describe how Asa pleased God.
6Obedience and Disobedience
Topics / contents / notes
(i) Obedience and Rewards: Examples of
(a) Abraham (Gen. 22:1-19)
(b) Three Hebrew Youths (Dan. 3:1-30)
(c) David (1 Sam. 30:1-20)
ii) Disobedience and Consequences Examples of
(a) Adam (Gen. 2:15-25; 3)
(b) Collection of Manna (Ex. 16:22-30)
(c) The Golden Calf (Ex. 32)
(d) Moses (Num. 20:7-12; Deut. 34:1-6)
(e) Saul (1 Sam. 10:1-16; 15:1-25; 16:14-23; 31:1-13)
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. determine why Abraham, the Three Hebrew Youths and David obeyed God;
ii. identify the rewards for obedience.
i. compare the disobedience of Adam, the people of Israel, Moses and Saul;
ii. indicate the reasons for their disobedience;
iii. identify the consequences of disobedience.
7A man after God’s own heart
Topics / contents / notes
(a) The early life of David (1 Sam. 16:1-13; 17; 18:17-30; 22:1-5; 24:1-23; II Sam. 2:1-7; 3:1-39)
(b) David’s submission to the will of God (I Sam. 26:1-25, II Sam 12:15-25)
(c) David’s repentance and forgiveness (II Sam. 11; 12:1-15, cf. Ps. 51:130)
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. identify David’s anointing experience;
ii. specify how David submitted to the will of God;
iii. examine the situations that led to David’s sin and repentance;
iv. identify the consequences of David’s sin;
v. identify why God forgave David.
8Decision – Making
Topics / contents / notes
(a) Reliance on a medium (I Sam. 28:3-25)
(b) The wisdom of Solomon (I Kings 3:3-28; 4:29-34; 5:1-12; 8:1-53)
(c) Unwise policies of Solomon and Rehoboam (I Kings 9:15-23; 11:1-40; 12:1-20)
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. identify the source of Solomon’s wisdom;
ii. compare the different ways used by Saul and Solomon in making decisions;
iii. analyse the decisions made by Saul, Solomon and Rehoboam;
iv. assess the consequences of Solomon and Rehoboam’s unwise decisions.
SECTION B: Themes from the Division of the Kingdom to the Return from Exile and the Prophets
1Greed and its effects Examples of (a) Ahab (I Kings 21:1-29; 22:1-40; II Kings 9:30-37)
Topics / contents / notes
(b) Gehazi (II Kings 5:1-27 cf ( Josh 7)
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. deduce the meaning of greed;
ii. distinguish between Ahab and Gehazi’s greed;
iii. analyse the consequences of Ahab and Gehazi’s greed.
2The Supremacy of God
Topics / contents / notes
Religious tension and the power of God on Mount Carmel (I Kings 16:29-34; 17:1-7; 18; 19:1-18)
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. assess the religious situation in Israel at the time of Elijah and Ahab;
ii. identify the characters involved in the contest on Mount Carmel;
iii. differentiate between God’s power and that of Baal.
3Religious reforms in Judah
Topics / contents / notes
(a) Cleansing of the Temple (II Kings 22)
(b) Renewal of the Covenant (II Kings 23:1- 30)
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. analyse Josiah’s religious reforms;
ii. determine the reasons for the renewal of the covenant;
iii. assess the significance of the reforms.
4Concern for Judah
Topics / contents / notes
(a) The fall of Jerusalem (II kings 24; 25:1- 17)
(b) Condition of Judah (Neh. 1:1-11; Ezra 1:1-11)
(c) Response to the state of Judah (Neh. 2; 4:1-23 Ezra 3:4; 5; 6; 7)
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. identify the reasons for the fall of Jerusalem;
ii. examine the condition of Judah during the exile;
iii. analyse the people’s response to the call of Nehemiah and Ezra to rebuild Jerusalem;
iv. distinguish between Nehemiah and Ezra’s responses to the opposition of their enemies.
5Faith, Courage and Protection
Topics / contents / notes
Examples of Daniel, Shadrach, Meshach and Abednego (Dan. 3:1-30: 6:1-28
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. analyse the stories of Shadrach, Meshach, Abednego and Daniel;
ii. determine the occasions in which the four men demonstrated faith;
iii. analyse the effects of the faith of the four men on the Babylonians;
iv. identify the qualities of faith by four men worthy of emulation
6God’s message to Nineveh
Topics / contents / notes
Jonah and his message (Jonah 1; 2; 3 and 4)
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. analyse the story of Jonah’s call;
ii. describe the consequences of Jonah’s disobedience;
iii. assess the effect of Jonah’s message on the Ninevites;
iv. emulate the example of the Ninevites.
7Social justice, True religion and Divine love
Topics / contents / notes
(a) Social justice and true religion (Amos 2:6-8; 4; 5:1-25; 6:1-14; 7:10-17; 8:4-14) cf James 1:19-27
(b) Divine love and human response (Hosea 1; 2; 3; 4; 6:1-11; 14)
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. determine what true religion is;
ii. identify the ills that led to the call for social justice in Amos’ time;
iii. identify the punishment meted for evil deeds;
iv. examine the condition in Israel during Hosea’s time;
v. analyse Hosea’s portrayal of divine love and human response.
8Holiness and Divine call
Topics / contents / notes
(Isaiah 6:1-13; Ezek. 2; 3:1-11; Jer. 1:4-10)
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. analyze the vision of Isaiah on God’s holiness
ii. distinguish the calls of Isaiah, Ezekiel and Jeremiah;
iii. compare the assignments given to these prophets;
iv. determine the need for God’s people to be holy.
9Punishment and Hope
Topics / contents / notes
(Jer. 3:11-18; 32:26-35; Ezek. 18; 37:1-14; Isaiah 61; Jer. 4:5-8)
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. describe the situations that led to the punishment of Israel;
ii. identify the conditions for hope;
iii. determine the benefits of restoration.
SECTION C: Themes from the four Gospels and the Acts of the Apostles
1The birth and early life of Jesus
Topics / contents / notes
(a) John, the forerunner of Jesus (Lk. 1:5-25; 57-66; 3:1-20; 7:18-35; Mk. 1:1-8; 6:14- 29; Mt. 3:1-12: Matt.11:2-19; Jn. 1:6-8; 19-37; 3:22-36)
(b) The birth and boyhood of Jesus (Mt. 1:18- 25; 2; Lk. 1:26-45;2 )
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. compare the stories of the births of John and Jesus;
ii. assess the importance of John as the forerunner of Jesus;
iii. describe the boyhood of Jesus.
2The baptism and temptation of Jesus
Topics / contents / notes
(Mt. 3:13-17; 4:1-11; Mk. 1:9-13; Lk. 3:21-22; 4:1-13)
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. determine the meaning and purpose of the baptism of Jesus
ii. enumerate the temptations of Jesus;
iii. examine the significance of the temptations of Jesus.
iv. describe how Jesus overcame the temptations.
3Discipleship
Topics / contents / notes
(a) The call of the first disciples (Mt. 4:18- 22; 9:9-13; Mk. 1:16-20; 2:13-17; Lk. 5:1-11; 27-32)
(b) The demands of discipleship (Mt. 8:19- 22; Lk. 9:57-63; 14:25-33)
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. identify the first disciples to be called by Jesus;
ii. determine the demands of discipleship;
4Miracles
Topics / contents / notes
(a) Nature miracles
(i) Stilling the storm (Mt. 8:23-27; Mk. 4:35-41; Lk.8:22-25)
(ii) Feeding of the five thousand (Mt. 14:13-24; Mk. 6:30-44; Lk. 9:10-17; Jn. 6:1-13)
(iii) Walking on the sea (Mt. 14:22-26; Mk. 6:45-52; Jn. 6:16-21)
(iv) Changing water to wine (Jn. 2:1-11)
(b) Miracles of resuscitation
(i) The raising of Lazarus (Jn. 11:1-45)
(ii) The raising of Jairus’ daughter (Lk. 8:41-42, 49-56; Mk. 5:21-43)
(iii) The raising of the widow’s son at Nain (Lk. 7:11-17)
(c) Healing miracles
(i) The lepers (Mt. 8:1-4; Mk. 1:40-45; Lk. 5:12-16; 17:11-19)
(ii) The paralytic at the pool (Jn. 5:1-17)
(iii) The centurion’s servant (Mt. 8:5-13; Lk. 7:1-10)
(iv) The blind (Jn. 9:1-12; Mk. 10:46-52; Lk. 18:35-43)
(d) Exorcism
(i) The Gerasene (Gadarene) demoniac (Mt. 8:28-34; Mk. 5:1-20; Lk. 8:26- 39)
(ii) The epileptic boy (Mk. 9:14-29; Lk. 9:37-43a; Mt. 17:14-21)
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. classify the different miracles of Jesus;
ii. indicate the occasion of each of the miracles;
iii. examine the significance of each of the miracles;
5The Parables
Topics / contents / notes
(a) Parables of the kingdom
(i) The sower (Mt. 13:1-23; Mk. 4:1-20)
(ii) The weeds (Mt. 13:24-30; 36-43)
(iii) The drag-net (Mt. 13:47-50)
(iv) The wedding garment (Matt. 22:1-14)
(b) Parables about love of God (Mt. 18:12- 14; Lk. 15:1-32)
(c) Parables about love for one another (Lk.10:25-37; 16:19-31)
(d) Parable about wealth: The rich fool (Lk. 12:13-21)
(e) Parables on prayer (Lk. 18:2-14)
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. define a parable;
ii. classify the different parables of Jesus;
iii. identify the occasion of each parable;
iv. interpret the meaning of each parable;
v. give reasons why Jesus taught in parables.
6Sermon on the Mount
Topics / contents / notes
(Mt. 5; 6; Lk. 6:17-26)
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. analyse the teachings on the Mount;
ii. identify the demands of the Kingdom;
iii. determine the consequences of placing worldly possessions above heavenly treasures;
iv. associate the rewards for obedience with the Sermon on the Mount.
7Mission of the disciples
Topics / contents / notes
(a)The mission of the twelve (Mt. 10:5-15; Mk. 6:7-13; Lk. 9:1-16) (b)The mission of the seventy (Lk. 10:1-24)
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. distinguish between the mission of the twelve and the seventy;
ii. specify the instructions to the disciples;
iii. assess the outcomes of the missions.
8The Great Confession
Topics / contents / notes
(Mt. 16:13-20; Mk. 8:27-30; Lk. 9:18-22)
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. analyse the confession by Peter;
ii. identify the occasion of the Great Confession;
iii. examine the significance of the Great Confession.
9The Transfiguration
Topics / contents / notes
(Mt. 17:1-13; Mk. 9:2-13; Lk. 9:28-36)
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. trace the events leading to the Transfiguration;
ii. identify the personalities involved in the Transfiguration account.
iii. determine the significance of the Transfiguration to the disciples;
10The Triumphal Entry and the cleansing of the Temple
Topics / contents / notes
(Mt. 21:1-17; Mk. 11:1-19; Lk. 19:29-48)
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. recount the Triumphal Entry and the cleansing of the Temple;
ii. determine the significance of the Triumphal Entry and the cleansing of the Temple;
iii. examine how the cleansing of the Temple caused hostility towards Jesus.
11The Last Supper
Topics / contents / notes
(Mt. 26:17-30; Mk. 14:10-26 Lk. 22:7-23; Jn. 13:2-38)
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. trace the story of the Last Supper;
ii. evaluate the significance of the Last Supper.
12The trials and the death of Jesus
Topics / contents / notes
(a) The trials of Jesus before
(i) the High Priest (Mt. 26:36-75; Mk. 14:53-72 Lk. 22:66-71)
(ii) Pilate (Mt. 27:11-26; Mk. 15:1-15; Lk. 23:1-5; 13-25; Jn. 18:28-40; 19:1-16)
(iii) Herod (Lk. 23:6-12)
(b) Crucifixion and burial of Jesus (Mt. 27:32-66; Lk. 23:26-56; Mk. 15:16-47; Jn. 19:17-42)
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. analyse the different trials of Jesus;
ii. describe the crucifixion and burial of Jesus;
iii. deduce the lessons of the death of Jesus.
iv. recount the statements of Jesus on the cross
13Resurrection, appearances and ascension of Jesus
Topics / contents / notes
(Mt. 28:1-20; Mk. 16:1-20; Lk. 24:1-53; Jn. 20:1-31; Acts 1:1-11)
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
(i) trace the stories of the resurrection, appearances and ascension of Jesus;
(ii) compare the personalities involved in the stories;
(iii) analyse the relevance of the resurrection, appearances and ascension of Jesus.
14Jesus’ teachings about Himself
Topics / contents / notes
(a) The Bread of Life and the Living Water (Jn. 4:7-15; 6:25-58)
(b) The Light of the World (Jn. 1:4-8; 3:19-21; 8:12; 9:1-5; 12:35-36; 1 Jn. 1:5-7)
(c) The Door, the Lamb and the Good Shepherd (Jn. 1:29-34; 10:1-18)
(d) The True Vine (Jn. 15:1-11)
(e) The Resurrection (Jn.11:25)
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
(i) analyse the different teachings of Jesus about Himself;
(ii) deduce the reasons for Jesus’ teachings about Himself;
(iii) interpret the meanings of the symbols used by Jesus about Himself.
15Love
Topics / contents / notes
(a) God’s love for man (Jn. 3:16-18)
(b) Love for one another (Jn. 13:34-35; 15:12-13; 1 cor. 13;
cf. I Jn. 4:7-21)
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
(i) describe God’s love for man;
(ii) identify various types of love;
(iii) specify the ways they can love one another;
(iv) evaluate the significance of love.
16Fellowship in the Early Church
Topics / contents / notes
(a) Communal living (Acts 1:15-26; 2:41-47; 4:32-37)
(b) Problems of communal living and solutions (Acts 5:1-11, 6:1-6)
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
(i) identify the reasons for communal living in the Early Church;
(ii) identify the problems of communal living and their solutions;
(iii) examine how communal living helped the growth of the Early Church.
17The Holy Spirit and the mission of the Church
Topics / contents / notes
(a) The Pentecost (Acts 1:8; 2:1-41)
(b) The mission of the Church (Acts 8:4-40)
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
(i) trace the story of the Pentecost;
(ii) identify the signs associated with the coming of the Holy Spirit;
(iii) examine the significance of the Pentecost experience;
(iv) analyse the mission of the Church.
18Opposition to the Gospel message
Topics / contents / notes
(a) The arrest and imprisonment of Peter and John (Acts 3; 4:1-22; 5:17-42 12:1-24)
(b) The martyrdom of Stephen (Acts 6:8-15; 7)
(c) Persecution by Saul (Acts 8:1-3; 9:1-2
cf. Gal. 1:11-17)
(d) Persecution of Paul (Acts 16:11-40; 19:23- 41;21:27-36 cf 2 Cor:11:23-33)
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
(i) trace the story of the arrest and imprisonment of Peter and John;
(ii) trace the events that led to the martyrdom of Stephen;
(iii) describe the role of Saul in the persecution of the Church;
(iv) evaluate the importance of persecution to the growth of the Church.
(v) account for the persecution of Paul.
19Mission to the Gentiles
Topics / contents / notes
(a) Conversion of Saul (Acts 9:1-30; 22:4-21; 26:9-18)
(b) Conversion of Cornelius (Acts 10:1-48)
(c) The commissioning and mission of Paul (Acts 13; 14:1-20)
(d) The Council of Jerusalem (Acts 15:1-35; Gal. 2:1-21)
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
(i) compare the conversions of Saul and Cornelius;
(ii) analyse the commissioning and mission of Paul;
(iii) examine the main decisions at the Council of Jerusalem;
(iv) identify the personalities involved at the Council of Jerusalem;
(v) examine the relevance of the main decisions at the Council of Jerusalem;
(vi) assess Paul’s role in the mission to the Gentiles.
SECTION D: Themes from Selected Epistles
1Justification by Faith
Topics / contents / notes
(Rom. 3:21-24; 5:1-11; 10:1-13; Gal. 2:16- 21)
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
(i) interpret the phrase ‘justification by faith’;
(ii) identify the basic conditions for justification;
(iii) determine the fruits of justification.
2The Law and Grace
Topics / contents / notes
(Rom. 4:13-25; 5:18-21; Gal. 3:10-14; 19-29; Rom. 3:24)
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
(i) examine the purpose and significance of the law and grace;
(ii) identify the place of the Law among the Jews.
3New life in Christ
Topics / contents / notes
(Rom. 6:1-4; 12-14; Col. 3:1-17; Gals. 5:16-26; II Cor. 5:16-19; I Thess. 4:1-8; Rom. 12)
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
(i) describe the characteristics of the old life;
(ii) analyse the new life in Christ;
(iii) identify the conditions of the new life;
(iv) examine the benefits of the new life.
4Christians as joint heirs with Christ
Topics / contents / notes
(Gal. 3:23-29; 4:1-7)
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
(i) describe how Christians are joint heirs with Christ;
(ii) recognize that males and females are all children of God;
(iii) indicate the benefits of being joint heirs with Christ.
5Humility
Topics / contents / notes
(Phil. 2:1-11; I Pet. 5:5-11) (James 4;10; Matt. 23:12)
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
(i) determine the meaning of humility;
(ii) identify the requirements of humility;
(iii) identify the rewards of humility.
6Forgiveness
Topics / contents / notes
(Philemon; II Cor. 2:5-11; Matt. 7;14-15)
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
(i) analyse Paul’s teaching on forgiveness;
(ii) assess the benefits of forgiveness;
(iii) recognize the need to forgive others.
7Spiritual gifts
Topics / contents / notes
(I Cor. 12; Rom. 12:3-18; I Cor. 14)
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
(i) identify the different spiritual gifts;
(ii) analyse the benefits of spiritual gifts to the individual and the church;
(iii) differentiate between spiritual gifts and talents.
8Christian Giving
Topics / contents / notes
(Phil. 4:14-20; II Cor. 8:1-5; 9 Cf. Matt 6:2-4)
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
(i) interpret the concept of Christian giving;
(ii) relate the teachings of Paul on Christian giving;
(iii) identify the importance of Christian giving.
9Civic responsibility
Topics / contents / notes
(Rom. 13; I Tim. 2:1-4; 1Peter 2;13-17)
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
(i) identify the need for obedience to authority;
(ii) specify the requirements of good citizenship.
10Dignity of labour
Topics / contents / notes
(Matt. 20;1-16; II Thess. 3:6-15; Col. 3:23- 25)
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
(i) interpret the concept of dignity of labour;
(ii) analyse the benefits of labour;
(iii) recognize that no particular kind of work leads to loss of respect for personal dignity.
11The second coming of Christ
Topics / contents / notes
a) The signs of the Coming of Christ (1 Thess. 4:13-18; II Thess. 2:1-12)
b) Preparation for His coming (Matt. 25;31-46; I Thess. 5:1-11; II Pet. 3:1-13)
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
(i) identify the signs of the Second Coming of Christ;
(ii) specify the preparations for His coming;
(iii) indicate what will happen during His Second Coming;
(iv) examine the importance of His coming.
12Impartiality
Topics / contents / notes
(James 2:1-13cf. Acts 10:34-35; Matt 7:1-5 Luke 6:31)
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
(i) interpret the concept of impartiality;
(ii) identify causes of partiality;
(iii) examine the consequences of partiality.
13Effective prayer
Topics / contents / notes
(James 1:2-8; 4:1-3; 5:13-18 cf. Matt 6:5-13)
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
(i) identify the requirements of effective prayer;
(ii) distinguish between effective and ineffective prayer;
(iii) identify the importance of prayer;
(iv) identify types of prayer.
14Christian living in the community
Topics / contents / notes
(a) Interpersonal relationships among Christians (I Pet. 5:1-4; Rom. 12:3-21; 2 Pet. 1:3-11; Heb.13:1-21)
(b) Christians living among non- Christians (I Pet. 2:3-25; Rom. 15:1-2)
(c) Christian attitude to persecution (I Pet. 1:5-9; 4:1-19; 1 Pet. 3:13-22)
(d) Relationship in the Christian family (Eph. 6: 1-9; Col. 3:18-21; I Pet. 3:1-7)
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
(i) determine interpersonal relationships among Christians;
(ii) analyse Christian living among non-Christians;
(iii) relate Christian attitude to persecution;
(iv) determine the relationship in the Christian family;
(v) examine the importance of maintaining good relationships.
15Corruption
Topics / contents / notes
(1 Tim 6:6-11; 2 Tim 3:8; 2 Pet. 1:4-11; James 5:1-6)
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
(i) define the term corruption;
(ii) identify the causes of corruption;
(iii) determine the effects and consequences of corruption;
(iv) identify ways of curbing corruption.
16Sexual Immorality
Topics / contents / notes
(a) Prostitution (1Cor.6:16-20 cf. Prov.7:10-27;23:27-28)
(b) Adultery and Fornication (Heb. 13:4, Eph. 5:3-10 cf. Matt 5:28-32; Deut. 22:22; Lev. 20:10)
(c) Homosexuality (Rom. 1:24-32 cf. Lev.18:21-30; 20:13)
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
(i) identify what constitute sexual immorality;
(ii) determine the causes of sexual immorality;
(iii) examine the effects and consequences of sexual immorality;
(iv) identify ways of curbing sexual immorality.
RECOMMENDED TEXTS
- Adetunji, P.G. et al (2000) Exam Focus Christian Religious Knowledge for WASSCE and SSCE Ibadan: University
- Press Plc.
- Adeyemo, I. O. et al (1998) Christian Religious Knowledge for Secondary Schools Books1 – 3, Ibadan: Onibonoje
- Adeyinka, A. A. et al (1991) Christian Religious Knowledge for Senior Secondary Schools, Book 1 – 3, Lagos:
- Longman.
- Adigwe, H.A et al (2004) Christian Religious Knowledge for Senior Secondary Schools. Onitsha. Africana
- Publishers.
- Aghaeghuna, E. O. N. (1988) Senior Secondary School Christian Religious Knowledge: Themes from Selected
- Epistles, Vol 1 – III, Awka, Jet Publishers.
- Dopamu, A. et al (1990) Christian Religious Knowledge for Senior Secondary Schools Books 1 – 3, Lagos: Nelson.
- Ilori, J. A. et al (1980) Christian Religious Knowledge for Senior Secondary Schools Books 1 – 3, Ibadan: Evans.
- Izuchukwu, A.E. et al (1997) Round-Up for Senior Secondary Certificate Examination Christian Religious
- Knowledge: A Complete Guide. Lagos: Longman.
- Throckmorton, B.H, Jr. (ed) (1966) Gospel Parallels: A Synopsis of the First Three Gospels. New York; Thomas
- Nelson.
- L.O. Udokporo, C.O. Okemiri, Y.A. Olaomo (2012) Christian Religious studies for Senior Secondary Schools
- Books 1 – 3 Sango-Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria : Melrose Books and Publishers Limited.
- Edmund Ugochukwu Okoli, Bosede Olabisi Orovwuje (2008) Essential Christian Religious Knowledge for Senior
- Secondary Schools, Lagos, Nigeria, Tonad Publishers Limited.
- THE BIBLE: Revised Standard Version, Stonechill Green: Bible Society Publishing House (1971).
Islamic Studies
8 topicsSummary outline
Covers the Qur'an, Hadith, Islamic jurisprudence, the life of the Prophet and Islam in Nigeria.
This is a summary of the areas examined. The full official JAMB syllabus for Islamic Studies (with objectives and recommended texts) is being added.
| # | Topic | What to study |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | The Qur'an | Revelation and compilation of the Qur'an; Selected chapters and verses for study; Interpretation and teachings |
| 2 | Hadith | Meaning and importance; Classification and collectors of Hadith; Selected Hadith |
| 3 | Tawhid (Islamic Theology) | Oneness of Allah; Belief in angels, books, prophets, the Last Day and destiny; Attributes of Allah |
| 4 | Fiqh (Islamic Law) | Sources of Islamic law; Salat, zakat, sawm and hajj; Marriage, divorce and inheritance; Business transactions and prohibitions |
| 5 | Sirah (Life of the Prophet) | Life of Prophet Muhammad in Makkah; Hijrah; Life in Madinah; The Prophet's character and conduct |
| 6 | Islamic History | The Rightly Guided Caliphs; Umayyad and Abbasid dynasties; Spread of Islam |
| 7 | Islam in Nigeria and West Africa | Introduction of Islam to West Africa; Uthman dan Fodio and the Sokoto jihad; Muslim organisations |
| 8 | Islamic Moral and Social Teachings | Moral values; Family and community; Economic principles; Rights and duties |
Fine Art
7 topicsSummary outline
Covers art history, elements and principles of design, art processes and appreciation.
This is a summary of the areas examined. The full official JAMB syllabus for Fine Art (with objectives and recommended texts) is being added.
| # | Topic | What to study |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Art History and Appreciation | African and Nigerian art (Nok, Ife, Benin, Igbo-Ukwu); Traditional art forms and their functions; Western art periods; Art appreciation and criticism |
| 2 | Elements and Principles of Design | Line, shape, form, colour, texture, space and value; Balance, rhythm, harmony, contrast, emphasis, proportion, unity |
| 3 | Drawing and Painting | Drawing media and techniques; Still life, figure and landscape; Painting media, colour theory, techniques |
| 4 | Graphic Design and Printmaking | Lettering and typography; Illustration and layout; Printmaking (block, screen, stencil) |
| 5 | Sculpture and Ceramics | Methods of sculpture (carving, modelling, casting, construction); Clay preparation and pottery techniques; Firing and glazing |
| 6 | Textile and Craft | Dyeing (tie and dye, batik); Weaving; Embroidery and applique; Basketry, leatherwork and other crafts |
| 7 | Art Materials, Tools and Safety | Materials and tools; Care and maintenance; Safety in the studio |
Music
27 topicsOfficial JAMB syllabus
General objectives
The aim of the Unified Tertiary Matriculation Examination (UTME) syllabus in Music is to prepare the candidates for the Board’s examination. It is designed to test their achievement of the course objectives, which are to:
- 1. appreciate and discuss the foundations of Music fairly and critically
- 2. identify the features of the music of different periods through written/aural analysis;
- 3. investigate the Western and African music theory, history, peoples, forms and medium of performance (including instrumentation);
- 4. recognise the influence of socio-cultural and technological factors (including computer software application) on the lives and music of musicians;
- 5. acquire a sound musical basis for further learning at the tertiary level.
SECTION A: RUDIMENTS OF MUSIC
1The staff
Topics / contents / notes
(a) Great staff
(b) Ledger lines and spaces
(c) Open score (vocal score) and
(d) G clef (Treble), C clef (Alto, Tenor, etc) F clef (Bass).
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. identify all the components of the staff and their uses.
2Music Notes/Rests and their corresponding values.
Topics / contents / notes
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. determine the relative duration of different notes and rests and their applications.
3Time-signature
Topics / contents / notes
(simple and compound time-signatures), the correct grouping of notes and barring of unbarred passages.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. interpret varied rhythmic patterns; and
ii. group and bar unbarred passage correctly.
4A . Key-signatures and scales
Topics / contents / notes
(i) Technical names of the various degrees of the scale
(ii) Diatonic major/minor (natural, harmonic and melodic)
(iii) Chromatic scales.
B. Determination of the key of a piece of music with or without key signature NOT exceeding two sharps and two flats.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. ascertain names of the various degrees of the diatonic scales and keys;
ii. identify simple scale passages with or without key-signature; and
iii. differentiate between diatonic and chromatic scales
5Keyboard setting and enharmonic equivalents
Topics / contents / notes
(b) Accidentals
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. identify the names of the white and black keys and their relationship, e.g. C sharp =
= Bx; and
ii. state function of the accidentals.
Candidates should be able to determine different
6Intervals
Topics / contents / notes
6a. Recognition of diatonic / chromatic intervals and their inversions (e.g. perfect unison, perfect 4th, perfect 5th, perfect 8ve), major/minor 2nd, 3rd, 6th and 7th, diminished 5th and augmented 4th
Objectives
qualities of intervals (melodic and harmonic) and their inversion.
7Definition of simple musical terms, signs and abbreviations.
Topics / contents / notes
Objectives
Candidates should be able to;
i. interpret simple musical terms signs and abbreviations.
8Transcription of music from staff into tonic solfa notation and vice-versa.
Topics / contents / notes
(b) Transposition using the treble (G) and bass (F) staves NOT exceeding two sharps and two flats.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. read music in any given notation both in staff and solfa notations;
ii. rewrite a music passage on a given stave; and
iii. transcribe from staff notation to solfa notation.
SECTION B: ELEMENTARY HARMONY
1Triads and their inversions in major/minor keys, NOT exceeding two sharps and two flats.
Topics / contents / notes
(a) Primary triads in major keys.
(b) Secondary triads in major keys.
NOTE A CHORD INDICATIONS
(i) major triads are indicated with capital Roman numerals e.g. I
(ii) minor triads are indicated with small Roman numerals e.g. ii
(iii) diminished triads are indicated with small Roman numerals with a “o” sign, e.g. viio
(iv) augmented triads are indicated with capital numerals with a “+”, e.g III⁺
NOTE B
(i) In any major scale, major triads are I, IV and V
(ii) minor triads are ii, iii and vi
(iii) diminished triad is viio NOTE C
(i) In any harmonic minor, minor triads are i and iv
(ii) major triads are V and VI
(iii) diminished triads are iio and viio
(vi) augmented triad is III⁺
NOTE D Primary triads are I, IV and V in major scales but i, iv and V in harmonic minor scales.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. identify triads and their inversions in both major and minor;
ii. compare types of triads; and
iii. determine the use of triads.
2Basic chord progressions in four parts vocal style (SATB) in major keys NOT exceeding two sharps and two flats.
Topics / contents / notes
(b) Dominant 7th chord in root position only
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. determine the basic chord progressions in a music passage; and
ii. recognize the dominant 7th chord.
3Kinds of motion;
Topics / contents / notes
Parallel, Similar, Contrary and Oblique
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. identify the various kinds of motion in a musical passage.
ii. differentiate between the various motions.
4Cadences in major keys NOT exceeding two sharps and two flats.
Topics / contents / notes
(a) perfect / full close cadence
(b) imperfect / half close / semi cadence
(c) plagal / Amen cadence
(d) interrupted / deceptive / evaded / surprise cadence.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. identify the various types of cadences in a musical score; and
ii. analyse the various the types of cadences and their resolutions.
5Non-harmonic tones / Non-chord tones; identification and application of the following:
Topics / contents / notes
(a) neighbouring tones / auxiliary notes; and
(b) passing tones / notes.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. relate harmonic or non-harmonic tones to the chords with which they are associated.
6Modulation
Topics / contents / notes
Simple diatonic modulations (using a single melodic line) from any given major key NOT exceeding two sharps and two flats to any of its closely related keys (dominant and subdominant).
Objectives
Candidates should be able to determine the key of a given melody and its modulation.
7Elementary Composition
Topics / contents / notes
(a) Setting of words to written melody
(b) Recognition of suitable answers to given musical phrases
(c) Two-part free counterpoint.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. identify suitable melody to given words, compatible, balanced or contrasting phrases.
ii. identify the basic rules of two-part writing (counterpoint).
SECTION C: HISTORY AND LITERATURE OF AFRICAN MUSIC
1Nigerian folksongs, types, forms and characteristics.
Topics / contents / notes
(a) Types: cradle, folk-tales, games, war, satirical, dirges / funeral, historical, praise and worksong, etc.
(b) Forms: call and response, strophic, through – composed, antiphony, etc.
(c) Characteristics:
(i) Vocal styles: recitative, yodeling, ululation, incantation, heaving, whistling, nasalisation, etc. (ii)Scales/modes: tritonic, tetratonic, pentatonic, hexatonic etc.
(iii) Metre/Rhythm: Metric and non-metric, polymetric, cross-rhythm, syncopation, hemiola, poly-rhythm, etc.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. identify various folksongs and their types;
ii. define and compare their forms and features.
iii. mention some characteristic features of vocal, scale and rhythmic styles in African music.
2General knowledge of the features and forms of Nigerian traditional music and other arts.
Topics / contents / notes
(i) Festivals: e.g. Osun, Ifa, Ogun, Ekpo, Ofala, Iri ji (New Yam Festival), Ovia Osese, Mmanwu (Masquerade), Ila-Oso, Argungu (Fishing), Eyo/Adamu Orisa, Gelede, etc.
(ii) Dances and other arts: Social, Ritual and Ceremonial e.g. Masquerade, Koroso, Atilogwu, Ikperikpe (war dance), Egedeege, Kwaghir, Agbon, Nkwa Umuagbogho, Bata, Bori, Swange, Dundun, Kokoma, Abigbo, Okonko, etc.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. analyse the features and forms of Nigerian traditional music and the arts;
ii. differentiate between the various types of festivals, dances, their origin; and
iii. identify the relationship between music, dance and drama in African festivals.
3INSTRUMENTS:
Topics / contents / notes
Nigerian traditional musical instruments:
CLASSIFICATIONS
(a) Aerophones
(i) kakaki, algaita, sarewa, pedete, obati, farai, kaho, imar, mongom, taluk, damalgo, etc.
(ii) oja, opi, pipilo, udu, nnuk, ofiom, akpele, etc.
(iii) ekutu, teremagbe, ayeta-ode, odikakora, etc.
(b) Chordophones
(i) goge, kukuma, komo, kwamsa, kuntigi, lasha, molo, garaya, gurmi, etc.
(ii) une, ubo-akwara, etc.
(iii) goje, molo, etc
(c) Idiophones
(i) kundung, karawa, shantu, etc.
(ii) oyo, ichaka, ogene, aja, ekpili, ekwe, udu, ikoro, ngedegwu, okpokoro, ekere, mgbiligba, alo, ubo-aka, etc.
(iii) sekere, agogo, agidigbo, alọ, oma, aro, ukuse, eromwon, etc
(d) Membranophones
(i) ganga, tambari, taushi, banga, balle, kuntuku, kalangu, gangan-noma, tandu, etc.
(ii) igba, nsing, ban yogume, emoba, etc.
(iii) ipese, igbin, bata, bembe, gudugudu, kanango, dundun, gangan, etc.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. identify the characteristic features of the classes of the musical instruments;
ii. classify them into their categories; and
iii. trace their origin.
4Knowledge of the lives and music of the following African traditional musicians:
Topics / contents / notes
A. NIGERIANS
(i) Sani Sabulu, Sani Dan Indo, Hassan Wayam, Barmani Coge, Danlami Nasarawa, Garba Super, Dankwairo, Aminu mai Asharalle, Shehu Ajilo, Dan Maraya Jos, Dan Alalo, Mamman Shata, Haruna Uji, etc.
(ii) Ezigbo Obiligbo, Seven-Seven, Morocco Maduka, Okechukwu Nwatu, Mike Ejeagha, Afam Ogbuotobo etc.
(iii) Kokoro, (the blind Minstrel), Anikura, Tunde Alao,Olanrewaju Adepoju, Ademola Onibon- okuta, Elemure Ogunyemi, Comfort Omoge etc.
B. OTHER AFRICANS Vinoko Akpalu, Daniel Amponsah (alias Koo Nimo), Efua Basa, Kwaa Mensah etc.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. identify different groups to which various musicians belong;
ii. trace their biographies;
iii. mention their musical styles; and
iv. assess their contributions to the music industry.
5Evolution and Development of African Popular
Topics / contents / notes
Music: Highlife, Juju, Afro-beat, Fuji, Apala, Reggae, Makosa, Ikwokirikwo, Okukuseku, Ekassa, Akuko na egwu, Awurebe, Waka, Hiplife, Hip-hop, etc.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. differentiate one musical genre from another; and
ii. examine their influence on society.
6Knowledge of the lives and music of the following
Topics / contents / notes
African Popular Musicians.
A. NIGERIANS: Bongos Ikwe, Oliver De Coque, Nelly Uchendu, Osita Osadebe, Bright Chimezie, Bobby Benson, Victor Uwaifo, Sonny Okosun, Fela Anikulapo Kuti, I. K. Dairo, Victor Olaiya, Ebenezer Obey, Sunny Ade, Fatai Rolling Dollar, Bala Miller, Alhaji Uba Rawa, Zaaki Adzee, 2Face, Rude Boy (Paul Okoye), Mr. P (Peter Okoye), Djnee, Paul Play Dairo, Eedris Abdulkareem, D’Banj, Sunny Neji, Lagbaja, Zule Zoo, Daddy Showkey, Majek Fashek, Ras Kimono, Jeremiah Gyang, Flavour, Olamide, M.I, Iyanya, Wizkid, Davido, Omawunmi, Lara George, Sola Allynson, Ara, Asa, Onyeka Onwenu, Christy Essien-Igbokwe, Nasir Hausawa etc.
B. OTHER AFRICANS: Manu Dibango, E. T. Mensah, Jerry Hansen, Kofi Olomide, Awilo Logomba, Papa Wemba, Salif Kaita, Angelina Kidjo, Lucky Dube, Yvonne Chakachaka, Brenda Fasie, Sarkodie etc.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. relate the musicians to the music they perform;
ii. trace their biographies;
iii. examine their type of music; and
iv. assess their contributions to the development of music.
7Knowledge of the lives and music of the following
Topics / contents / notes
African Art Musicians:
A. NIGERIANS: W. W. C. Echezona, Laz Ekwueme, Sam Akpabot, Ikoli Harcourt Whyte, Joshua Uzoigwe, Mosun Omibiyi-Obidike, Tunji Vidal, Ademola Adegbite, Yemi Olaniyan, Ayo Bankole, Akin Euba, Sam Ojukwu, A. K. Achinivu, Bode Omojola, Felix Nwuba, Christopher Oyesiku, Dayo Dedeke, Adams Fiberesima, Dan Agu, Chris Onyeji, Godwin Sadoh, Meki Nzewi, Solomon Ikibe, Idolor E.G., Femi Adedeji, Anthony Mereni, A. A. Layade, etc.
B. OTHER AFRICANS: Joseph S. Maison, N. Z. Nayo, J. H. Kwabena Nketia, Gymah Labi, Philip Gbeho, Ephraim Amu, C.K. Adom, A.A. Mensah, C.W.K. Mereku, A. A. Agordoh, J. O. Ofosu, S.G. Boateng etc.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. relate the art composers to their compositions;
ii. trace their biographies;
iii. examine their type of compositions; and
iv. assess their contributions to the development of art Music Education in Nigeria.
SECTION D: HISTORY AND LITERATURE OF WESTERN MUSIC
1(A) Historical development of Western music styles in respect of the periods
Topics / contents / notes
(i) Medieval/Middle Age (800 – 1400).
(ii) Renaissance period (1400 – 1600).
(iii) Baroque period (1600 – 1750).
(iv) Classical period (1750 – 1820).
(v) Romantic period (1820 – 1900).
(vi) 20th Century (1900-1999). B. COMPOSERS Palestrina, Claudio Monteverdi, Henry Purcell, J.S. Bach, G. F. Handel, W. A. Mozart, Franz Joseph Haydn, Ludwig van Beethoven, Franz Schubert, Frederic Chopin, Igor Stravinsky, Arnold Schoenberg, Zoltan Kodaly, Claude Debussy, etc.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. identify the various periods with dates from Medieval to 20th century period; and
ii. trace the stages of the development of western musical practice from the medieval to the end of the 20th century period.
i. identify the composers; and
ii. assess their contributions.
2MUSIC FORMS AND MEDIA
Topics / contents / notes
(i) Binary, Ternary, Rondo, Sonata Allegro, Dance Suite, Canon, Free Fantasia, Theme and variation, etc.
(ii) Orchestral and Band instruments and classifications
(iii) The human voice (its types, ranges and qualities)
(iv) Keyboard Instruments – the organ, piano, electronic keyboard, etc.
(v) Knowledge of the following instruments: ukulele, banjo, guitar, mandolin, harp, accordion, xylophone, marimba, etc.
(vi) Computer Music Technology: software (Finale, Sibelius, Cubase, Reason, Sound Forge Nero), tuning fork, pitch pipe, etc.
(iii) Introduction to Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Music Technology: (meaning, evolutionary trend/ historical background, types, application of AI tools in Music composition, AI-Powered Music Generators etc.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. identify the general forms and various types of instruments in Western music;
ii. relate Music to modern technology;
iii. assess the contributions of AI.
SECTION E: COMPARATIVE MUSIC STUDIES
1An overview of the following black musicians (composers, performers, etc) in the diaspora. Mighty Sparrow, James
Topics / contents / notes
Brown, Bob Marley, Michael Jackson, Stevie Wonder, Lionel Richie, R. Kelly, Lorrinan Hill, Kirk Franklin, Tupac Shakur, Shabba Ranks, Quincy Jones, Boyz II Men, Sean Paul, Janet Jackson, Whitney Houston, Beyonce, Brandy, Usher, Kevin Lyttle, Bobby Brown, M. C. Hammer, L. L. Cool J., Dr. Dre, Snoop Doggy, Mary J. Blige, Jay Z, Chris Brown, Bruno Mars, Neo, Rihanna, Loius Armstrong, Jimmy Cliff, Diana Ross, etc.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. identify the musicians in the diaspora by their names and works;
ii. assess their individual musical influences on the global society.
2Forms to be examined include African-America spiritual, gospel music, jazz, rhythm and blues, soul, calypso, rock ‘n’ roll, reggae, afro-beat, tango, rap, chachacha, bolero, twist, hip-hop, etc.
Topics / contents / notes
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. identify the various forms of musical genres;
ii. trace the origins of the musical genres.
3The spirit of nationalism in Nigerian music.
Topics / contents / notes
One Love – Onyeka Onwenu Which Way Nigeria?- Sonny Okosun First National Anthem (Nigeria We Hail Thee) – Frances Brenda (1960-1978) Second National Anthem (Arise Oh Compatriots) – Ben Odiase (1978-2025) Current National Anthem (Nigeria We Hail Thee) – Frances Brenda (2025 till date) Nigeria for All – Sunny Ade Nigeria Go Survive – Veno Marioghae, etc.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. Identify the nationalistic composers by their names and work.
ii. identify some of the features and materials used by nationalist composers to create, project and sustain cultural and patriotic awareness; and
iii. assess their roles in Nigerian nationalism.
RECOMMENDED TEXTS
- 1. Adesipe, A.E. (2025). Essential Music for Senior Secondary Schools with Introduction to Artificial
- Intelligence. Tonad Publishers, Mowe Ibafo, Ogun State, Nigeria. Also available on Amazon Kindle
- Direct Publishing platform.
- 2. Adesipe, A.E. (2025). Artificial Intelligence in African Music and Instrumental Technology, Amazon Kindle Direct Publishing.
- 3. Adesipe, A.E. (2024). History of Nigerian Folksongs, ADLEK Printing Press, Ilorin Kwara State, Nigeria. Also available on https://selar.co/hy5796,https://selar.com/jf4f24
- 4. Adesipe, A.E. (2024). Nigerian Festivals and Traditional Instruments, Amazon Kindle Direct
- Publishing. Also available on https://selar.com/580b72
- 5. Adesipe, A.E. (2025). African Music and Instrumental Technology, Amazon Kindle Direct
- Publishing.
- 6. Akpabot, S.E. (1986). Foundation of Traditional Music. Ibadan Spectrum Books, Nigeria.
- 7. Agu, C.C. (1999). Forms and Analysis of African Music. Enugu: New Generation Books, Nigeria.
- 8. Echezona, W. W. C. (1981). Nigerian Musical Instruments, Enugu: Apollo Publishing Ltd. Nigeria.
- 9. Ekwueme, Lucy. U. (2007). Songs for Happy Little People, Lagos: West African Book Publisher
- Limited
- 10. Hosier, (1961). Instruments of the Orchestra Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- 11. Kamien Roger (2008). Music An Appreciation. New York McGraw Hill Book Company.
- 12. Kennedy, M. (1985). The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music, (Third Edition), London: Oxford
- University Press.
- 13. Kitson, C. H. (1978). Elementary Harmony Book 2, London: Oxford University Press.
- 14. Kofoworola, Z. O. And Lateef, Y. (1987). Hausa performing Arts and Music, Lagos: Nigeria
- Magazine.
- 15. Mensah, A. A. (Undated) Folksongs for Schools, Accra.
- 16. Mensah, I.T. (1990) Understanding Music. Books 1-3. Otuamic Publications.
- 17. Nketia J. H. K. (1973). African Music in Ghana, Folksongs of Ghana. University Press, Accra Ghana
- 18. Osunniyi, J.A. (1994). An Easy Way to Learning, Lagos: Music. Jac-Ola Printing Press, Nigeria.
- 19. Robert Manford et al (1990). Music for Senior Secondary Schools. H. Gangaram Bombay
- 20. Vidal, A.O. (2012). Selected Topics on Nigerian Music. Ile-Ife: Imef African Music Publishers, Nigeria.
Languages
French
4 topicsOfficial JAMB syllabus
General objectives
The aim of the Unified Tertiary Matriculation Examination (UTME) syllabus in French is to prepare the candidates for the Board’s examination. It is designed to test candidates’ general ability to:
- 1. assess written comprehension in French;
- 2. apply the principles governing the structure and use of written French;
- 3. identify how French sounds work in speech production;
- 4. examine the culture of Francophone West Africa and France in relation (where possible) to home country.
1Written Comprehension in French:
Topics / contents / notes
Text 1: Text 2:
– topics of general and emergent interest e.g., love, life, death, politics, marriage, health, communication, child trafficking, cultism, travel, corruption, money-laundering, etc.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
(i) deduce answers to questions on the content, intent and style of proposed texts (Text1, Text 2),
(ii) apply reasoning skills.
2Principles Governing the Structure and Use of Written French:
Topics / contents / notes
I. Identification of basic form classes:
(a) Nouns: simple/compound, Singular/plural, masculine/feminine.
(b) Pronouns: personal, impersonal, demonstrative, possessive and relative.
(c) Verbs: reflexive and non-reflexive, their moods and tenses.
(d) Adjectives: qualifying, possessive, interrogative, demonstrative, indefinite (e.g. nul), numeral (e.g., dix) and ordinal (e.g., dixième.)
(e) Adverbs:
– common forms
i) with-ment (e.g., lentement)
ii) with préposition + noun (e.g. par avion, à cheval, en voiture, par bateau.)
– special forms (e.g. bien, vite, mal, mieux, le mieux, pire, le pis, ne…que.)
– types
– manner (e.g. debout, facilement.)
– purpose (e.g., pour + infinitive, afin de + infinitive.)
– cause and consequence (e.g. pour+ infinitive perfect, à cause de + noun.)
– concession (e.g. malgré +noun.)
– place (e.g. y, en, ici, là, là-haut, partout.)
– time (e.g. hier, aujourd’hui, avant-hier, après, demain, la veille, le matin, dans un mois.)
(f) Prépositions:
– simple (e.g. à, de, avec, avant, sur, dans.)
– compound (e.g. à côté de, au milieu de.)
(g) Conjunctions:
– of co-ordination (e.g. mais, ou, et, donc, car, cependant, ne…ni.) -of subordination (e.g. afin que, quoique, à condition que, pour que, parce que.)
(h) Articles:
– definite, indefinite and partitive.
(i) contraction e.g. à+le = au, à+les= aux etc.
II. Assessment of vocabulary span:
(a) words in contemporary contexts
– meaning, use, opposites, synonyms
(b) faux amis (e.g.librairie/library, rester/to rest, blesser/to bless.)
III. Importance of word order in:
(a) affirmative sentences
(b) interrogative sentences
(c) imperative sentences
(d) passive voice formation IV. Identification and application of basic processes in language structure, e.g.
(a) conjugation – in all tenses except l’imparfait du subjonctif, le passé composé du subjonctif, et…le plus-que-parfait du subjonctif.
(b) negation (e.g. ne…pas, ne…plus, ne…rien, nul ne, ne…ni..ni, ne…personne, personne…ne, aucun….ne, rien ne….etc.)
(c) agreement (e.g. les beaux arts, il les a vues, les photos.)
(d) pluralisation (e.g. cheval/chevaux, beau/beaux, belle/belles.)
(e) derivation: -from adj, to adv – e.g., lent-lentement, -from adj. to adj. e.g. un – premier, -from adj. to noun – e.g. bon-bonté, riche-richesse, etc -from one degree of comparison to another (using plus…que, moins…que, aussi….que e.g. plus grand que.) NB –special forms- (e.g. bon, meilleur, le meilleur, la meilleure, mauvais, pire, le pire.)
V. Use of French in set expressions such as in proverbs, idioms and conventional structures as provided for in common speech acts:
(a) proverbs (e.g. tel père tel fils, petit à petit l’oiseau fait son nid.)
(b) idioms (e.g. avoir une faim de loup, crier sur le toit, mourir de peur.)
(c) conventional stretches (e.g. enchanté, c’est dommage, c’est formidable, stationnement interdit, etc.)
(d) Common figures of speech eg métaphore, simile, hyperbole. Métaphore – Mon père est un lion. Simile – Elle est maigre comme un clou. Hyberbole – Il avait tellement faim qu’il a mangé toute une Vache.
(e) speech acts (e.g. proposer, conseiller, regretter, admirer, espérer, interroger, reprocher, s’accorder, etc.)
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. identify what constitutes the basic structures of written French,
ii. use the principles governing the structure of written French to determine acceptability, e.g., to transform one form; one class into another,
iii. apply the structure to convey diverse messages.
i. identify meaning of words
ii. identify meaningful constructed sentences.
iii) apply communicative skills
i. complete common proverbs and idioms in French
ii. deduce the meaning of idioms and proverbs in French
iii. make appropriate use of these special terms
3Workings of French sounds via:
Topics / contents / notes
(a) sound discrimination (e.g. tout/tu), (fais/fée.)
(b) letter-sound correspondence (e.g. ai-/e/, eau/o/.)
(c) syllabification (e.g. con/tente/ment.)
(d) liaison (e.g. trois animaux, des enfants.)
(e) sense groups in reading e.g. J’ai mal à la tête. J’ai mal/pas à la tête / mais au dos/. Comment vas-tu, Carol?// Comment vas- tu demain?
(f) identification of sounds to determine similarity (e.g. maison/saison, dents/don,fond/ fonde.)
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
(i) discriminate between French sounds,
(ii) deduce meanings out of sound combinations,
(iii) use the above to enhance effective communication,
(iv) assess sound groupings in terms of how they are affected by such features as syllabification, liaison, e-caduc; pause, intonation, etc.
4Culture and Civilization:
Topics / contents / notes
Characteristics, (aspects, similarities and differences) of the educational system, socio-economic life, political organization and cultural life of Francophone Africa and France, with reference (where possible) to home country i.e. Nigeria.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. identify the specific features of the culture of Francophone Africa and France greetings, dressing, food, leisure, marriage, festival, art, profession etc.
ii. compare these features with those of home country (where possible),
iii. apply reasoning skill.
RECOMMENDED TEXTS
- A(i) Written Language
- Adeleke,J.( 2018 ). A Short French Grammar, 5th Edition Badagry, Success Printers.
- Adeniyi,E.A ( 2006 ) Contes NIGERIANS II Revised Edition, Ilorin: Adek Graphic Productions. . Ajiboye, T. (2014) Companion to French Grammar (4thEdition): Ibadan: Cleavoketa books
- Ajiboye, T. (2012) Nouvel Horizon, Book 4, New Revised Edition, Ibadan: Bounty Press
- Hatier (1980) Le Nouveau Bescherelle: L’Art de Conjuguer, Ibadan: Spectrum Book Ltd. Maice, G et Merlo, G., (1998), Grammaire progressive du français ( Niveau intermediaire), Paris: Clé international. Mazauric,. C, et Sirejols, E. (2006) On y va! Book 3,Ibadan : Spectrun Books Ltd. Ojo, S. A.(2000) A Comprehensive Revision Handbook of French Grammar, Ibadan: Agoro Publishing Company.
- Any other relevant materials on French Grammar
- ( ii ) Oral
- Ajiboye, T. (2010) AnIntroduction to Practice in Oral French, Ibadan: Bounty Press.
- Any other materials that emphasize oral practice.
- B. Culture of Francophone Countries
- Girod R and Grand-Clement, F. (1979) Comment vivent les Français, Paris: Hachette Mbuko, L. (2000) French Essays on Culture and Civilisation for Schools and Colleges,Ibadan: Bounty Press. Any other relevant materials, e.g. French newspapers, magazines, journals, and documents on Francophone life.
- C. Dictionary
- Any good French/English or French dictionary.
Arabic
5 sectionsOfficial JAMB syllabus
General objectives
The aim of the Unified Tertiary Matriculation Examination (UTME) syllabus in Arabic is to prepare candidates for admission into tertiary institutions through the Board’s examination. It is designed to test their achievement of the course objectives, which are to:
- 1. answer comprehension questions correctly in standard Arabic;
- 2. translate simple texts from English to Arabic and vice versa;
- 3. apply the rules of Arabic grammar functionally;
- 4. appreciate Arabic literary texts within the contexts of their environment and eras;
- 5. use Arabic as a living world language in communication where necessary.
SECTION A: COMPREHENSION It consists of a passage of seventy (70) words. FiveSECTION B: TRANSLATION This section consists of ten (10) questions. Five ofSECTION C: GRAMMAR Major grammatical features in Arabic to be examined include:SECTION D: COMPOSITION This section consists of five (5) questions onSECTION E: ARABIC LITERATURE This section consists of ten (10) questions on
Yoruba
3 topicsOfficial JAMB syllabus
General objectives
Yorùbá
The aim of the Unified Tertiary Matriculation Examination (UTME) syllabus in Yorùbá is to prepare the candidates for the Board’s examination. It is designed to test their achievement of the course objectives, which are to:
STRUCTURE OF THE EXAMINATION The test will be of an objective type, candidates will answer forty (40) multiple-choice questions covering all aspects of the syllabus:
TOTAL 40 items Yorùbá
- 1. stimulate and sustain their interest in Yorùbá language, literature and culture;
- 2. acquire basic knowledge and skill in Yorùbá language, literature and material and non-material aspects of culture.
- (a) Comprehension (1 prose and 1 verse) 08 items
- (b) Essay writing 01 item
- (c) Sound system 04 items
- (d) Grammar 05 items
- (e) Current orthography 02 items
- (f) Translation 01 item
- (a) Oral 04 items
- (b) Written 06 items
- 3. CULTURE 09 items
SECTION A
1LANGUAGE:
Topics / contents / notes
(a) Comprehension:
(i) Prose
(ii) Verse
(b) Essay Writing:
(i) Argumentative
(ii) Descriptive
(iii) Narrative
(iv) Letter Writing (Formal and Informal) etc.
(c) Sound System:
(i) Production of sounds (consonants and vowels);
(ii) Tones and tone change;
(iii) Syllable structure; and
(iv) Sound processes – co-vowel occurrence, elision, deletion, etc.
(d) Grammar:
(i) Morphology – Word-formation;
(ii) Loan-word integration;
(iii) Word classes – nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, conjunctions, prepositions, etc.;
(iv) Phrases and clauses – types and functions;
(v) Sentences – types, structures and functions.
(e) Current Orthography
(f) Translation
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
(i) identify central issues in a passage and draw appropriate conclusions;
(ii) determine basic assumptions and express ideas; and
(iii) identify the meanings and functions of given phrases and sentences.
(i) identify different types of essay; and
(ii) apply different types of techniques associated with each type.
(i) identify organs of speech, speech sounds and parameters for describing each speech sound;
(iia) determine their correct usages; (iib) detect linguistic errors (pronunciations and wrong usages);
(iii) determine the syllable components of words; and
(iv) demonstrate knowledge of the basic principles underlying the relationship between sounds.
(i) demonstrate good knowledge of word derivation;
(ii) demonstrate knowledge of word adoption;
(iii) identify the appropriate class a word belongs to;
(iv) demonstrate knowledge and understanding of Yorùbá syntax;
(v) identify the types, structures and functions of sentences. Yorùbá
Candidates should be able to present ideas in acceptable written form.
Candidates should be able to: interpret sentences and ideas in accordance with acceptable principles.
2LITERATURE:
Topics / contents / notes
(a) Oral Literature:
(i) Prose (Ìtàn Àròsọ): Babalọlá, A. (2023). Àkójọpọ̀ Àlọ́ Ìjàpá (Apá Kejì). Ìbàdàn: University Press Plc.
(ii) Drama (Eré Oníṣe): Ògúnníran, L. (2022). Eégún Aláré. Ìbàdàn: Golden Pen Publishers.
(b) Written Literature:
(i) Prose (Ìtàn Àròsọ): Ìṣọ̀l á, A. (2023). Ogún Ọmọdé. Ìbàdàn: University Press Plc.
(ii) Poetry (Ewì): Àdéwọlé, O. (2023). Èdè Abínibí àti Àwọn Àròfò Mìíràn. Ìbàdàn: University Press Plc. pp 1-50 (2026) pp 51-83 (2027) pp 84-116 (2028) pp 117-152 (2029) pp 153-216 (2030)
(iii) Drama (Eré Onítàn): Fádíyà, O. (2023). Ò tè Oyè. Ìbàdàn: Genius Books Publishers.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
(i) identify central issues, problems and the component parts of ideas presented in the work of art;
(ii) draw moral lessons from the text;
(iii) identify the figurative and idiomatic expressions in the text; and
(iv) draw appropriate conclusions.
(i) identify the type of drama;
(ii) extract the narrative techniques in the drama;
(iii) identify the figurative and idiomatic expressions in the drama;
(iv) Identify the central theme of the work; and
(v) Interpret same in accordance with acceptable principles of the society.
(i) demonstrate good knowledge of ideas in the work of art;
(ii) draw moral lessons from the text;
(iii) identify the narrative techniques in the text; and
(iv) identify the figurative and idiomatic expressions in the text.
(i) deduce the import of written works of art and genres; and
(ii) identify the figurative and idiomatic expressions in the poem.
(i) identify the central theme of the work;
(ii) interpret same in accordance with acceptable principles of the society; (iii)identify types of drama;
(iv) identify the figurative and idiomatic expressions in the drama; and
(v) extract the narrative techniques in the drama. Yorùbá
3CULTURE:
Topics / contents / notes
(a) Èrò àti Ìgbàgbọ́: Olódùmarè, àkùdàáyà, emèrè, àjẹ́, àwọn irúnmọlẹ̣̀, abbl.
(b) Ètò Ìṣèlú àti Ààbò Ìlú: Ẹgbẹ́ àti ọgbà, oyè jíjẹ àti àwọn ìjòyè, ogun jíjà, abbl.
(c) Ètò Ìsìnkú àti Ogún Pínpín: Òkú àgbà, òkú ọ̣̀fọ̣̀, òkú òòṣà, ìtúfọ̣̀, ilẹ̣̀ òkú gbígbẹ́, ìdí igi, mọ̣̀lẹ́bí, bàbá ìsìnkú, abbl.
(d) Òǹkà Yorùbá: Oókan títí dé ọ̣̀kẹ́ kan (1-20,000).
(e) Ètò Ìgbéyàwó àti Ìsọmọlórúkọ: Gbogbo ohun tó rọ̀ mó ìgbéyàwó àti ìsọmọlórúkọ.
(f) Ètò Ìwòsàn: Ìtọ́jú aláìsàn, ìtọ́jú àti ìgbẹ̣̀bí aboyún, abbl.
(g) Eré Ìdárayá:
(i) eré òṣùpá – àlọ́, bojúbojú, abbl;
(ii) eré ojúmọmọ – ìjàkadì, ayò, òkòtó, àrín, abbl.
(h) Iṣẹ́ Abínibí àti Oúnjẹ Ilẹ̀ Yorùbá:
(i) Iṣẹ́-àgbẹ̣̀ ìṣọ̣̀nà, ìlù lílù, abbl;
(ii) Oúnjẹ – àbàrí, iyán, ẹ̣̀wà, abbl.
(i) Ẹ̀kọ́ Ilé: Ìwà ọmọlúàbí àti àǹfààní rẹ̣̀.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to: distinguish traditional practices and acceptable ways of life from modern and common sense beliefs.
Candidates should be able to: assess the functions and roles of individuals, chieftains, and groups in ensuring peace, stability and continuity of society.
Candidates should be able to:
(i) distinguish between traditional practices; and
(ii) relate them to funerals and inheritance.
(i) count in Yorùbá numerals; and
(ii) apply addition, deduction and division methods in Yorùbá.
Candidates should be able to: relate social activities and events to appropriate situations.
Candidates should be able to: demonstrate knowledge of the best way of using the appropriate health care practices.
(i) identify types of Yorùbá traditional games;
(ii) identify rules and regulations guiding each game; and
(iii) mention values derived from each game.
(i) demonstrate adequate knowledge of the various traditional professions;
(ii) compare various traditional professions;
(iii) demonstrate knowledge of preparing each type of Yorùbá food; and
(iv) mention nutritional values of each food.
Candidates should be able to: identify acceptable patterns of behaviour and attitude that conform with societal norms and values. Yorùbá
RECOMMENDED TEXTS
LANGUAGE
- Abíọ́dún, J. (1995). Àròkọ àti Aáyan Ògbufọ̀, Lagos: MAJAB Publishers.
- Adéwọlé, L. O. (et al) (2000). Exam Focus – Yorùbá Language for WASSCE/ SSCE, Ìbàdàn: UP Plc.
- Awóbùlúyì, O. (1978). Essentials of Yorùbá Grammar, Ìbàdàn: UP Plc.
- Awóbùlúyì, O. (ed.) (1990). Yorùbá Metalanguage (Èdè-Ìperí Yorùbá) Vol. II, Ìbàdàn: UP Plc.
- Awóbùlúyì, O. (2008). Ẹ̀kọ́ Ìṣẹ̀dá-Ọ̀rọ̀ Yorùbá, Akurẹ: Montem Paperback.
- Awóbùlúyì, O. (2013). Ẹ̀kọ́ Gírámà Èdè Yorùbá, Oṣogbo: Atman Ltd.
- Babalọlá, A. (ed.) (1991). Ìwé Ìmọ́dọ̀tun Yorùbá SSI – SSIII, Longman.
- Bámgbóṣé, O.(ed.) (1984). Yorùbá Metalanguage (Èdè-Ìperí Yorùbá) Vol. 1, Ìbàdàn: UP Plc.
- Bámgbóṣé, A. (1990). Fọnọ́lọ́jì àti Gírámà Yorùbá, Ìbàdàn.
- Mustapha, O. (ed.) (1988). Ẹ̀kọ́-Èdè Yorùbá Òde-òní SSI – SSIII, Macmillian Publishers.
- Mustapha, O. (ed.) (1991). Ẹ̀kọ́-Èdè Yorùbá Titun SSI–SSIII, Ìbàdàn: UP Plc.
- Ọdẹ́tókun, A. (et al) (2005). Ìwé Ìgbáradì fún Ìdánwó Yorùbá, Ìbàdàn: Macmillan Publishers.
- Owólabí, K. (1989). Ìjìnlẹ̀ Ìtúpalẹ̀ Èdè Yorùbá (1) Fónẹ́tíìkì àti Fọnọ́lọ́jì, Ìbàdàn: Oníbọnòjé Press.
- Owólabí, O. (et al) (1999). Countdown WASSCE/SSCE, NECO, JME (Ìwé Ìgbáràdi fún Ìdánwò Àṣekágbá Yorùbá) Ìbàdàn: Evans.
- Ọyádèyí, O. (1998). Ìjìnlẹ̀ Fọnọ́lọ́jì àti Gírámà Èdè Yorùbá, Ìbàdàn: Heinemann.
LITERATURE
- All the prescribed texts are reflected as applicable on the syllabus under Topics/Contents/Notes column.
CULTURE
- Adéoyè, C. L. (1979). Àṣà àti Ìṣe Yorùbá, Ìbàdàn: OUP.
- Adéoyè, C. L. (1985). Ìgbàgbọ́ àti Ẹ̀sìn Yorùbá, Ìbàdàn: Oníbọnọ̣̀jé Press.
- Ládéĺé, T. A. (et al) (1986). Àkójọpọ̣̀ Ìwádìí Ìjìnlẹ̀ Àṣà Yorùbá, Ìbàdàn: Macmillian Publishers.
Igbo
51 topicsOfficial JAMB syllabus
General objectives
The aim of the Unified Tertiary Matriculation Examination (UTME) syllabus in Igbo is to prepare the candidates for the Board’s examination. It is designed to test their achievement of the course objectives, which are to:
- 1) Communicate and read effectively in Igbo;
- 2) Analyse issues in the language;
- 3) Interpret and explain figurative and idiomatic expressions in Igbo and
- 4) Apply Igbo literature to their daily life experiences and to demonstrate Igbo cultural values.
SECTION A: LANGUAGES (ASỤSỤ)
1Essay (Edemede)
Topics / contents / notes
(a) Basic principles of essay writing: introduction, body and conclusion
(b) Basic essay types and their characteristics
(i) Narrative (Akọmakọ)
(ii) Descriptive and Expository (Nkọwa na Nkọwami)
(iii) Argumentative (Mgbagha/Arụmarụụka)
(iv) Speech making (Ekwumekwu)
(v) Letter Writing (Edemleta)
(vi) Dialogue (Mkparịtaụka)
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
(i) identify the basic principles of essay writing;
(ii) use words and expressions appropriate to a particular topic;
(iii) differentiate between different essay types;
(iv) describe the characteristics of essay types;
(v) compare different types of essay;
(vi) criticize other people’s essays.
2Comprehension (Aghọtaazaa)
Topics / contents / notes
One passage of about one hundred and fifty (150) words.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
(i) explain the meanings of difficult words;
(ii) give correct answers;
(iii) differentiate between figurative and idiomatic expressions from the passage;
(iv) deduce conclusion(s) based on the passage.
3Sounds and Sound Patterns
Topics / contents / notes
(Ụdaasụsụ na Usoro Ụdaasụsụ)
(a) Vowels and Consonants (Ụdaume na mgbochiume)
(b) Sound Patterns/Processes
i. Syllabic nasals (ụdaimi)
ii. Semi-vowel (Myiriụdaume)
iii. Nasal homoganicity (ndagba myiriụdaume)
iv. Syllable structure (nkeji mkpụrụokwu)
v. Vowel harmony (ndakọrịta ụdaume);
vi. Vowel assimilation (olilo ụdaume);
vii. Vowel elision and consonant elision (ndapụ ụdaume na ndapụ mgbochiume)
(c) Tone and tone marking (Ụdaolu na Akara ụdaolu)
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
(i) identify vowels, consonants and syllabic nasals;
(ii) distinguish between the speech sounds of the Igbo language;
(iii) recognise semi-vowels (‘m’& ‘n’) and nasal homoganicity ;
(iv) divide words into syllables;
(v) identify the vowel groups in Igbo;
(vi) describe vowel assimilation, vowel elision and consonant elision;
(vii) assign tone marks appropriately.
4Spelling and spelling rules
Topics / contents / notes
(Nsupe na Iwu Nsupe)
Objectives
Candidates should be able to;
(i) detect words written correctly in Igbo;
(ii) determine appropriate word division in Igbo.
5Igbo Orthography
Topics / contents / notes
(Mkpụrụedemede Igbo)
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
(i) indicate the Igbo orthography;
(ii) distinguish between the Igbo and English orthography.
6Dialect and Standard Igbo
Topics / contents / notes
(Olundị/Olumba na Igbo Izugbe)
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
(i) differentiate between standard Igbo and dialects;
(ii) use standard Igbo in their writings.
7Igbo Word Derivation (Usoro Mmụbaokwu n’Igbo)
Topics / contents / notes
Processes of word derivation processes: coinages, loans and loans- blends (Mmụbawanye mkpụrụokwu site n’usoro mmepụta, mkpụpụta, mbite na mbiọgwa).
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
(i) differentiate between loan and coined words;
(ii) identify loan words and loan-blends in Igbo;
(iii) spell Igbo words appropriately.
8Grammar (Ụtọasụsụ)
Topics / contents / notes
(a) Parts of speech (Nkejiasụsụ): Nominals (Mkpọaha), verbs (ngwaa), adjectives (nkọwa), adverbs (nkwuwa), affixes (mgbakwunye), enclitics (nsokwunye), dgz.
(b) The structure, types and characteristics of morpheme (Ndokọ, ụdị na njirimara mọfịm) Free & bound (nnọọrọonwe na ndabe)
(i) the word (mkpụrụokwu)
(ii) the phrase (nkebiokwu)
(iii) the clause (nkebiahịrị) nominal, adverbial and adjectival clause (kemkpọaha, kenkwuwa na kenkọwa)
(iv) the sentence (ahịrịokwu) simple (mfe), compound (ukwu), complex (mgbagwọ, dgz)
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
(i) differentiate between grammatical categories;
(ii) identify parts of speech and their functions;
(iii) differentiate between types of affixes and their functions;
(iv) determine types and characteristics of morphemes;
(v) identify words, phrases, clauses, sentences, their types and characteristics.
9Translation (Ntụgharị)
Topics / contents / notes
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
(i) translate English into Igbo and vice versa;
(ii) communicate effectively in Igbo and English.
SECTION B: LITERATURE (AGỤMAGỤ)
1Literary devices (Atụmatụokwu) dịka alliteration (bịambia mgbochiume), assonance (bịambịa ụdaume), parallelism (kwunkwugha), metaphor (mbụrụ), simile (myiri), hyperbole (egbeokwu), personification
Topics / contents / notes
(mmemmadụ) proverbs (ilu), dgz.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
(i) identify all literary devices in the passages;
(ii) interpret literary devices;
(iii) differentiate between types of literary devices;
(iv) use Igbo literary devices appropriately (v)
2Oral Literature: Agụmagụ Ọnụ/ Agụmagụ Ọdịnala:
Topics / contents / notes
Folktales (ifo), myths (nkọmịrịkọ), legends (nkọkịrịkọ), poems (abụ), songs (uri), chants (mbem), riddles (agwụgwa), oral drama (ejije ọnụ), tongue-twister (okwuntụhị) dgz.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
(i) create folk stories, chants, riddles, oral drama etc.
(ii) analyse various genres of oral literature;
(iii) present ideas/formulae in accordance with underlying principles;
(iv) apply the lessons of oral literature to their everyday life.
3Written Literature (Agụmagụ Ederede)
Topics / contents / notes
(a) Prose (iduuazị)
Tony U. Ubesie (1993). Jụọ Obinna. Oxford University Press.
(b) Poetry (Abụ)
Inno Ụzọma Nwadike (2014). Akọnuche. Obosi: Pacific Publishers Ltd.
ABỤ NDỊ A HỌPỤTARA (Selected Poems)
1. Ọchịchị 18 – 19
2. Onye Ndu 22 – 23
3. Nne Ọma 29 – 30
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
(i) interpret the text;
(ii) isolate the characters in the book;
(iii) identify figurative and idiomatic expressions in the text;
(iv) analyse the text;
(v) identify the author, publisher and date of publication;
(vi) draw moral lessons from the text.
(i) compare the types and themes of the poems;
(ii) relate the poet’s idea to the contents of the poems;
(iii) compare figurative and idiomatic expressions in the poems;
(iv) analyse the structures of the poems;
(v) apply acquired knowledge and
4Oke Ọchịchọ 40 – 41
Topics / contents / notes
Objectives
m o r a l lessons from the poems to
5Asịla M Na Ọ Dị Mma 53 – 54
Topics / contents / notes
Objectives
their daily lives.
6Ihe Ụwa 60 – 61
Topics / contents / notes
Objectives
7Jiri Nwayọ 62 – 63
Topics / contents / notes
Objectives
8Eziokwu 65 – 66
Topics / contents / notes
Objectives
9Mma 67 – 69
Topics / contents / notes
Objectives
10Nwanyị 92 – 94
Topics / contents / notes
Objectives
11Aja Ala 101 – 103
Topics / contents / notes
Objectives
12Ala Igbo 108 – 111
Topics / contents / notes
Objectives
13Ndụ M N’ụwa A 131 – 132
Topics / contents / notes
Objectives
14Ọjị 150 – 151
Topics / contents / notes
Objectives
15Ụwa Emebighi 151 – 154
Topics / contents / notes
Objectives
16Amamihe 168 – 169
Topics / contents / notes
Objectives
17Ndụ Nwaanyị 178 – 180
Topics / contents / notes
Objectives
18Nna M Ọgọenyi 181 – 184
Topics / contents / notes
Objectives
19Ụlọakwụkwọ 192 – 193
Topics / contents / notes
Objectives
20Akwa Nnabuenyi Ugonna Bere 249 – 252
Topics / contents / notes
(c) DRAMA (EJIJE)
J. C. Maduekwe (1979). Otu Mkpịsị Aka. Longman Nigeria (Learn Africa)
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
(i) identify the type of drama the text belongs to;
(ii) determine the themes in the text;
(iii) identify the story lines;
(iv) find out the characters in the book;
(v) appreciate the language style of the play;
(vi) appraise the social problems raised by the author in the play;
(vii) apply acquired knowledge to their personal lives.
(viii) Identify the moral lessons from the drama text.
SECTION C: CUSTOMS AND INSTITUTIONS (Omenala na Ewumewu)
Topics / contents / notes
Igbo customs and institutions as categorized below:
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
(i) describe the customs of their people;
(ii) determine the rules and regulations guiding specified aspects of the
1Ekele dị iche ice: ekele ụtụtụ, ehihie, anyasị, nri, onye nọ n’ọrịa, nlakpu, ọrụ dg.
Topics / contents / notes
Objectives
culture and tradition of the Igbo people;
(iii) describe the importance of the aspects of Igbo culture;
(iv) identify changes that have occurred
2Alụmdi na nwunye, ịgba alụkwaghịm.
Topics / contents / notes
Objectives
as a result of civilization;
(v) explore their environment for a
3Ọmụmụ na ile ọmụgwọ, ikupụta nwa, ibi ugwu, ịgụ aha, ịzụ ahịa nwa, ịhụ eze.
Topics / contents / notes
Objectives
better appreciation of their culture.
4Echichi: Nze na Ọzọ, Eze/Obi/Igwe, Iyọm/Lọọlọ
Topics / contents / notes
Objectives
5Ike ekpe, iri ekpe, ịkwa ozu, ịgba mkpe.
Topics / contents / notes
Objectives
6Ụmụnna, ụmụọkpụ/ụmụada, iyomdi, nwadiala.
Topics / contents / notes
Objectives
7Ọgbọ/ebiri/uke, ọhanaeze, ezinaụlọ
Topics / contents / notes
Objectives
8Arụ na nsọala: Ihe nsọ, anụ nsọ, osisi nsọ, ebe nsọ.
Topics / contents / notes
Objectives
9Ọchịchị Ọdịnala: Igwe/Eze, Nze na
Topics / contents / notes
Ọzọ, ụmụnna, ezinaụlọ, ụmụọkpụ/ ụmụada, otu ọgbọ.
Objectives
10Nnabata ọbịa, ọji na ịtu nzu, itu aha, ịkwọ aka ụtụtụ, ịgọ ọfọ.
Topics / contents / notes
Objectives
11Ihe ofufe: Ịgba afa, ịchụ aja, ịgọ mmụọ, ofufe.
Topics / contents / notes
Objectives
12Ngwa ofufe: Ọfọ, ikenga,okpesi.
Topics / contents / notes
Objectives
13Nkwenye: ịdụ isi/ịṅụ iyi, ịgba ndụ, orikọ, ịlọ ụwa, ọgbanje, nrọ, ihi anụ, ịha/ịchụ mmiri, dg.
Topics / contents / notes
Objectives
14Akụnaụba: inwe ala, ike ala, iri ekpe, elulu (ịkpa ọkụkọ, ewu, dg).
Topics / contents / notes
Objectives
15Abamaba: Mmọnwụ, ọkọnkọ, ekpe, ọmabe, odo, dibịa, dg.
Topics / contents / notes
Objectives
16Egwuregwu: mgba, egwu ọnwa, ikpọ ọga, ịzụ ǹchọ, ịzụ okwe, ịgba/ịchọ oro, dg.
Topics / contents / notes
Objectives
17Akaọrụ ndị Igbo: Ọrụ ugbo, ịkụ azụ, ịkpụ ụzụ, ịzụ ahịa, ịtụ ihe ọtụtụ, ịchụ nta, ime dibịa, ịkpụ ite, dg.
Topics / contents / notes
Objectives
18Emume: Ọfala, ịbọ ụzọ, ịwa ji/iri ji, igbu ewu ukwu,iru mgbede,ịwa akwa, akwamozu, ịgụ afọ, dg.
Topics / contents / notes
Objectives
SECTION D: General and Current Affairs (Ihe Ndị na-eme Ugbua)
1Topical issues in the Igbo language, literature and culture e.g., Ahịajiọkụ, Odenigbo lectures and Ọhaneze Ndị Igbo.
Topics / contents / notes
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
(i) identify some dates, themes and functions of Ahịajiọkụ, Odenigbo and Ọhaneze Ndi Igbo Lectures;
(ii) identify authors, publishers and dates of publication of various textbooks in Igbo;
(iii) acquaint themselves with the functions and contributions of the
2Authors, Publishers, dates and places of publication of works in Igbo.
Topics / contents / notes
Objectives
3Igbo Studies Association (ISA) CURRENT ISSUES
Topics / contents / notes
(Okwuakpụnọnụ)
Note:
Item writers should also choose their topics for comprehension exercises from such current issues as the following:
1. HIV/AIDS, Cancer and Corona Virus (Ọrịa Mmịnwụ/Obirinaajaọcha, Awa eto na Ọrịa koro
2. Drug Abuse (Ịṅu Ọgwụ Agharaaghara)
3. Cultism (Otu Nzuzo)
4. Rights of Women and Children (Oruuru Ụmụnwaanyị na Ụmụaka)
5. Human Rights Violation and Child Abuse (Ịnapụ Mmadụ Ikike na Mmetọ Nwata)
6. Religious Conflicts (Nsogbu Ndọkụrịta Ekpemekpe Ụka)
7. Kidnapping (Ntọrọ Mmadụ)
Objectives
Igbo Studies Association (ISA).
Candidates should be able to:
(i) acquaint themselves with current issues;
(ii) examine their effects;
(iii) suggest remedies to the problems.
RECOMMENDED TEXTS
- 1. Agụ-Ọfọdile, M.C. (2007). Nkụzi Asụsụ Igbo N’ụzọ Dị Mfe Maka Ndị Sinịọ Sekọndịrị Nke Atọ. Ibadan: Austin Modest Publishers.
- 2. Ụba – Mgbemena, A. (2006): Ntọala Usoroasụsụ Igbo. Ibadan: Gold Press Ltd.
- 3. Ofili, D. N., Anozie C. C. and Chukwu, A. O. (2012): Lingwistiiki Sayensị Asụsụ II. Enugu: Computer Edge Publishers.
- 4. Ezikeojiaku, P. A., Okebalama, C. N., Onweluzo, C. N. and Ekwe B. U. (1991). Ule Igbo Maka Sinịọ Sekọndịrị. Ibadan: University Press Plc.
- 5. Anọzie, C. C. (2003). Igbo Kwenu: Akụkọ na Omenala ndị Igbo Enugu: Computer Edge Publishers.
- 6. Ikekeonwu, C., Ezikeojiaku, P. A., Ubani, A. and Ugoji, J. (1999). Fonọlọji na Grama Igbo. Ibadan: University Press Plc.
- 7. Emenanjọ, E. N., Dike, O. N., Agomo S. N. and Ezeuko, R. O. (1999). Exam Focus Maka WASSCE Na UTME. Ibadan: University Press Plc.
- 8. Ọfọmata, C. E. (2005): Ndezu Ụtọasụsụ Igbo. Enugu: Format Publishers (Nig.) Ltd.
- 9. Nzeakọ, J. U. T. (1972). Omenala Ndị Igbo. Ibadan: Longman (Nig.) Ltd.
- 10. Okoye, O. F. S., Ofoegbu, N. F. and Ezidiegwu, B. L. (1997) Ọgbara Ọhụrụ Elidingtọasụsụ Igbo maka Sinịọ Sekọndịrị. Onitsha: Houston Publishers Ltd.
- 11. Osuagwu, B. I. N. (1979). Ndị Igbo na Omenala Ha. Nigeria: Macmillan.
- 12. Ubesie, T. U. (1978). Ọdịnala Ndị Igbo. Ibadan: Oxford University Press.
- 13. Umeh, I. O. A., Onyekaonwu, G. O., Nwadike, I. U. and Okeke I. O. (1992). Ụtọasụsụ na Agụmagụ Igbo nke Sinịọ Sekọndịrị Sukul. Ibadan: Evans.
Hausa
3 topicsOfficial JAMB syllabus
General objectives
The aim of the Unified Tertiary Matriculation Examination (UTME) syllabus in Hausa is to prepare the candidates for the Board’s examination. It is designed to test their achievement of the course objectives, which are to enable the candidates to:
The syllabus covers the following areas:
- 1. Acquire the ability to read and write competently in the Hausa language;
- 2. Know the basic features of Hausa language (syntax, phonology, morphology and semantics).
- 3. Have the basic knowledge of oral and written Hausa literature;
- 4. Have the ability to appreciate the culture, customs and institutions of the Hausa people;
- 5. Have the ability to translate competently from English to Hausa.
- 1. Harshe (Language)
- 2. Al’adu (culture)
- 3. Adabi (Literature); oral and written literature.
1Harshe (Language)
Topics / contents / notes
(a) Ƙa’idojin Rubutu (Orthography); alphabetization, spelling, rules of word merger and division, punctuation and paragraphing all in line with standard Hausa.
(b) Auna Fahimta (Comprehension); contextual questions from short unseen passages of about 200 words.
(c) Tsarin Rubutun Insha’i (Composition Techniques); argumentative, descriptive, dialogue, expository, narrative and letter writing.
(d) Fassara (Translation)
i. Ire-iren fassara (types of translation)
ii. Ƙa’idojin fassara (rules of translation)
iii. Matsalolin fassara (problems of translation)
iv. Dabarun fassara (techniques of translation).
(e) Tsarin Sauti (Phonology)
i. consonants – production and classification in terms of phonation, place and manner of articulation;
ii. vowels – production and classification in terms of position of tongue and lips; monophthongs and dipthongs;
iii. tone – e.g., high, low and falling tones;
iv. syllable structure – syllable types, e.g., open and close syllables, light and heavy, syllables, syllabic categories of words – monosyllabic, disyllabic, etc.
v. vowel length – long and short vowels;
vi. phonological processes – e.g., assimilatory: palatalization, labialization and vowel harmony; non-assimilatory: insertion and deletion.
(f) Ƙirar Kalma (Morphology)
i. roots and stems;
ii. affixation – e.g., prefix, infix suffix and their derivational and inflectional functions;
iii. gender and number inflections;
iv. derivation of nouns and adjectives from verbs; adjectives and verbs from nouns.
(g) Ginin Jumla (Syntax):
i. word classes-e.g., nouns, pronouns, verbs, adverbs, adjectives, prepositions, conjunctions, interjections and ideophones;
ii. grammatical categories – e.g., tense and aspect (general and relative past: general and relative continuous, first and second future, habitual); mood (subjunctive and negative); gender (masculine, feminine and neuter) and number (singular and plural);
iii. sentence structure – e.g., verbal sentence, nominal phrase + verbal phrase and their components, non- verbal sentence: nominal phrase + stabilizer, nominal phrase+ compliment + stabilizer, nominal phrases + continuous frame (yana../yake…) (+da) + nominal phrase;
iv. sentence types – e.g., simple sentences, compound sentences and complex sentences;
v. clauses – types (e.g., relative and subjunctive); functions (e.g., main and subordinate).
(h) Ma’ana (Semantics)
i. lexical aspects of word meaning – e.g., ambiguity, synonym and antonym;
ii. figures of speech – aspects of specialized meanings of words and phrases, e.g., idioms, proverbs etc.
Objectives
Candidates should be able;
i. recognize the basic Hausa orthographical rules;
ii. apply the Hausa orthographical rules;
iii. identify linguistic errors, such as; grammar, wrong choice of words, wrong spelling etc.
i. read written Hausa texts;
ii. comprehend Hausa text in a given context;
iii. interpret various meanings and functions of words in a given text;
iv. acquire sufficient vocabulary;
v. recognize central issues in a given text;
vi. draw conclusions based on available evidence in a given text.
i. acquire the knowledge and techniques of composition writing in Hausa;
ii. recognize the different segments of composition in Hausa;
iii. recognize the different types of Hausa composition.
i. translate proverbial and idiomatic expressions and new words from English to Hausa;
ii. recognize the different types of translation;
iii. understand the basic techniques of translating proverbial and idiomatic expressions and new words into Hausa;
iv. identify the problems of translation into Hausa.
i. analyse the process of sound production and combination of sounds to form meaningful words in Hausa;
ii. appraise the importance of vowels in determining meaning;
iii. distinguish between the phonetic attributes of sounds;
iv. recognize the number of syllables and their types in a word;
v. analyse the phonological processes in Hausa.
i. explain the roots and stems of Hausa words;
ii. explain the inflectional process in Hausa word formation;
iii. explain the derivational process of word formation in Hausa;
iv. differentiate between the two morphological processes.
i. analyse the processes governing word combination to form phrases; clauses and sentences in Hausa;
ii. detect linguistic errors in the grammar;
iii. recognize ideas or thoughts in written form;
iv. construct grammatical sentences for effective communication;
v. use the appropriate tenses in spoken and written Hausa;
vi. use the appropriate gender and number in spoken and written Hausa;
vii. differentiate between types of sentence structure;
viii. distinguish between nominal and verbal phrase;
ix. distinguish between types of sentences;
x. compare types of clauses.
i. analyse the mechanisms of generating meanings in Hausa;
ii. build up their vocabulary;
iii. recognize the various meanings and functions of sentences in communication;
iv. use words and sentences suitable for a particular purpose;
v. construct meaningful sentences for effective communication.
Lallai ne waɗanda za su rubuta jarabawa su iya:
2Al’adu (Culture)
Topics / contents / notes
(a) Rayuwar Hausawa (Hausa customs);
i. haihuwa (birth) –ɗaukar ciki da goyon ciki da haihuwa da shayarwa da al’adun makon farko na haihuwa da wanka da ɓanti da yaye da kaciya da samartaka;
ii. aure (marriage) – ire-irensa da nema da baiko da ɗaurin aure da biki da zaman aure da saki da zawarci;
iii. mutuwa (death) – faɗar mutuwa da wanka da salla da jana’iza da zaman makoki da sadaka da takaba da gado;
iv. tasirin zamani akan rayuwar Hausawa.
(b) Zamantakewa (Social Institutions)
i. tsarin zaman iyali da zaman gandu da dangantakar kishiyoyi da ‘yan uwantaka da barantaka da agolanci;
ii. maƙwabtaka;
iii. aikin gandu da na gayya;
iv. abota da ƙawance;
v. gaisuwa da karamci;
vi. tasirin zamani a kan zamantakewa.
(c) Sana’o’in Gargajiya (Traditional Occupations)
i. ire-irensu – noma da ƙira da jima da
kasuwanci da wanzanci da sassaƙa da
farauta da dukanci da saƙa da kitso da
rini da fawa da fafar ƙorai, da sauransu;
ii. yanayinsu – hanyoyin gadon su da kayayyakin yin su da matakan tafiyar da su da muhimmancinsu;
iii. kayayyaki ko amfanin da suke samarwa;
iv. sarautunsu;
v. sana’o’i masu dangantaka da jinsi – aikatau da ƙwadago; kitso da aski.;
vi. tasirin zamani a kan sana’o’in gargajiya.
(d) Kayayyakin Buƙatun Rayuwa (Material Culture)
i. na buƙatun cikin gida (household) – tufafi da karikitan cikin gida;
ii. na sauran buƙatu (others) – gine-gine da girke-girke da sauransu;
iii. tasirin zamani a kan kayayyakin buƙatuwa.
(e) Bukukuwa da Wasanni (Hausa festivities and recreational activities):
i. na addini (religious) – irin su bikin salla da takutaha (sallar gani) da cika- ciki da saukar karatu;
ii. na gargajiya (traditional) – irin su kalankuwa da buɗar dawa, da bikin shan kabewa;
iii. na sana’a (occupational) – bikin kamun kifi da dambe da kokawa da wasan farauta da wasan maƙera da
hawan ƙaho;
iv. na nishaɗi – sukuwa;
v. na yara (children’s games) –irin su shalle da kulli-kurciya da a-sha- ruwan-tsuntsaye da gaɗa da carafke;
vi. tasirin zamani kan bukukuwa da wasanni.
(f) Camfe-camfe da Bauta (Traditional Beliefs and Worship):
i. camfe-camfe irin su kangida da camfi, da kambun baka da maita;
ii. bauta irin su bori da da tsafi;
iii. tasirin zamani a kan camfe-camfe da bauta.
(g) Sarautun Gargajiya (Traditional Authority)
i. ire-iren su – sarakuna da hakimai da dagatai da masu unguwanni;
ii. na bayin sarki – shantali da jakadiya da baraya da sauransu;
iii. masu alaƙa da addini; irin su liman da
alƙali;
iv. ayyukansu.
v. tasirin zamani a kan sarautun gargajiya.
(h) Magungunan Gargajiya (Traditional Medicine) ire-iren su;
i. na gargajiya: sassaƙe-sassaƙe da sawyoyi da na gari da na ruwa;
ii. na addini: layu da rubutu da ɗibbu da duba;
iii. hanyar amfani da su – sha da shafawa da surace da turare da shaƙawa da taunawa da tsotsawa da ɗaurawa da liƙawa da ratayawa;
iv. tsarin amfani da su awo da kimantawa;
v. ayyukansu – riga-kafi da warkarwa;
vi. tasirin zamani a kansu.
Objectives
i. bayyana al’adun da ke tattare da ɗaukar ciki har zuwa samartaka;
ii. bayyana tasirin zamani a kan haihuwa;
iii. bayyana al’adun neman aure har zuwa zawarci;
iv. bayyana tasirin zamani akan aure;
v. bayyana hanyoyin faɗar mutuwa zuwa rabon gado;
vi. bayyana tasirin zamani akan mutuwa;
vii. tantance ma’ana da ire-iren tasirin zamani.
i. bayyana tsarin dangantaka da mu’amala tsakanin iyali;
ii. bayyana muhimmancin zamantakewa a tsakanin Hausawa;
iii. tantance ire-iren tasirin zamani a kan al’adun zamantakewa.
i. tantance ɗabi’un masu sana’a;
ii. tantance kayayyakin da ake sana’antawa;
iii. tantance sana’o’in maza da na mata;
iv. zayyana kayayyakin sana’o’in;
v. tantance hanyoyin gadon sana’o’in;
vi. zayyana amfanin kayayyakin sana’o’in;
vii. bayyana sarautun sana’o’in;
viii. bayyana muhimmancin sana’o’in;
ix. tantance tasirin zamani akan sana’o’in.
i. tantance kayayyakin buƙatun rayuwa na hausawa;
ii. tantance amfanin kayayyakin buƙatun rayuwa na Hausawa;
iii. tantance tasirin zamani a kan kayayyakin buƙatun rayuwa na Hausawa.
i. zayyana ire-iren wasanni da bukukuwan Hausawa;
ii. nuna mahimancinsu;
iii. nuna yadda za a adana su kada su ɓace;
iv. nuna yadda ake gudanar da su;
v. nuna tasirin zamani a kan bukukuwa da wasanni.
i. tantance ire-ire da hanyoyin aiwatar da su;
ii. bayyana amfaninsu;
iii. bayyana rashin amfaninsu.
iv. bayyana tasirin zamani a kansu.
i. zayyana su ta fuskar ire-iren muƙamai;
ii. zayyana matakan muƙamai;
iii. tantance aikin kowane mai muƙami;
iv. tantance mahimmancin kowane muƙami.
v. bayyana tasirin zamani a kansu.
i. karkasa ire-iren magunguna;
ii. zayyana hanyoyin amfani da su;
iii. fito da amfaninsu;
v. nuna tasirin zamani a kan su.
Lallai ne waɗanda za su rubuta jarrabawa su iya:
3Adabi (Literature) I. Adabin Baka
Topics / contents / notes
(Oral Literature)
(a) Zuben Baka (Narratives): Irin su tatsuniya da almara da hikaya da ƙissa da tarihi da sauransu.
(b) Maganganun Azanci (Folk – sayings); Irin su take da kirari da habaici da zambo da karin magana da kacici-kacici da salon magana da adon magana da sauransu.
(c) Waƙoƙi na baka (Oral songs):
i. ire-iren su – na fada da na jama’a da na maza da na sha’awa da sauransu:
ii. turke (jigo) da salo da zubi da tsari da mawaƙi da kayan kiɗa da abin da aka
waƙe.
iii. waƙoƙin aiki: na niƙa da daɓe da na daka da na talla da sauransu;
iv. Waƙoƙin yara (maza da mata); na aure da na dandali da sauransu;
(d) Wasannin Kwaikwayo Na Gargajiya (Traditional Drama):
i. Na yara:
– ire-irensu – langa da wasan ’yartsana da tashe da wasan gauta da dokin kara da sauransu;
– yadda ake yin su.
– muhimmancinsu
ii. Na manya:
– ire-irensu – ‘yan kama da kalankuwa da hoto da wowwo da tashe, da sauransu;
– yadda ake yinsu;
– muhimmancinsu
II. Rubutaccen Adabi (Written Literature) Zube (Prose)
i. Maraya
Waƙa (Poetry)
i. Waƙoƙin Wayar Da kai Don Manazarta Hausa Na Ɗaya
Wasan Kwaikwayo (Drama)
i. Malam Zalimu
Objectives
i. tantance nau ‘o’in zuben baka;
ii. amfani da kalmomin da suka dace da kan labari.
i. tantance sigogi da bayyana hanyoyin amfani da su;
ii. naƙalta da amfani da kalmomin da suka dace da maganganun azanci.
i. tantance ire-iren waƙoƙin baka;
ii. tantance masu yin ire-iren waƙoƙin;s
iii. rarrabe siga da turke (jigo) da salo da zubi da kayayyakin aiwatar da su.
i. tantance nau’o’in waƙoƙin aiki;
ii. tantance masu yin waƙoƙin aiki;
iii. bambance sigogin waƙoƙin yara.
i. tantance sigogin wasannin kwaikwayo na gargajiya.
ii. tantance hanyoyin gudanar da wasannin kwaikwayo na gargajiya;
iii. fito da muhimmancin wasannin kwaikwayo na gargajiya;
iv. fayyece bambancin wasan kwaikwayo na yara da na manya.
Lallai ne masu ɗaukar jarabawa su iya:
i. tantance siga da tsari da jigo da salo da taurarin cikin littafin zube tare da nazarin su;
ii. naƙaltar ƙa’idojin rubutu yayin karanta rubutun zube;
iii. naƙaltar ma’anonin kalmomi da na jumloli domin fahimtar labari;
iv. tantance muhimman saƙonni a cikin labari da yanke hukunci game da labarin.
i. fahimtar jigo da salo da siga da zubi wajen nazarin zaɓaɓɓiyar waƙa;
ii. yin la’akari da ƙa’idojin rubutu musamman na
waƙa;
iii. tantance ma’anonin kalmomi da na jumloli wajen nazarin waƙa;
iv. danganta amfani da kalmomi da jumloli da saƙon
waƙa;
v. tantance muhimman saƙonni a cikin waƙa da yanke hukunci game da ita.
i. tantance yanayin wurin wasa da jigo da salo da ‘yan wasa da siga da tsarin rubutaccen wasan kwaikwayo da aka zaɓa don nazari;
ii. la’akari da muhimmancin ƙa’idojin rubutu wajen fitar da ma’ana;
iii. naƙaltar ma’anar kalmomi domin fahimtar wasa;
iv. tantance muhimman saƙonni a cikin wasa da
yanke hukunci game da saƙonnin.
LIST OF SET TEXTS FOR THE UTME 2026-2030
A. WRITTEN LITERATURE:
ZAƁAƁƁUN LITTATTAFAI (PRESCRIBED TEXTS)
| GENRE | TITLE | AUTHOR | PUBLISHER |
|---|---|---|---|
| PROSE | Maraya | Mahe, I. A. | Extension Publishers Limited Ibadan, 2021. |
| DRAMA | Malam Zalimu | Gidan Dabino, A. H. | Gidan Dabino Publishers Kano, 2013 |
| POETRY | Waƙoƙin Wayar Da kai Don Manazarta Hausa Na Ɗaya | Anwar, A. | ABU Press Zaria, 2024 |
B. ORAL LITERATURE
| GENRE | TITLE | AUTHOR | PUBLISHER |
|---|---|---|---|
| PROSE | Mu Sha Dariya | Tofa, B. O. | NNPC, Zaria, 2018 |
| DRAMA | Wasannin Tashe | Umar, M. B. | NNPC, Zaria, 2009 |
| POETRY | Jagoran Nazarin Waƙar Baka | Gusau, S. M. | Benchmark Publishers Ltd, 2003 |
C. LANGUAGE
| TITLE | AUTHOR | PUBLISHER |
|---|---|---|
| Sound System And Grammar | Sani, M. A. Z. | U.P.Plc, Ibadan, 2000 |
D. CULTURE
| S/N | TITLE | AUTHOR | PUBLISHER |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Rayuwar Hausa | CSNL/BUK | Nelson, Lagos, 1980 |
| 2. | Hausa Customs | Madauci, I. | NNPC, 1985 |
E. GENERAL REFERENCE BOOKS
| S/N | TITLE | AUTHOR | PUBLISHER |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Exams Focus Hausa Language | Sani, M.A.Z | U.P.PLC, Ibadan, 2000 |
| 2. | Darussan Hausa 1 – 3 | Yahaya, I. Y. et al | U.P.PLC, Ibadan, 1992 |
| 3. | Rayayyen Nahawun Hausa | Junju, M.H. | NNPC,Zaria, 2010 |
| 4. | An Introduction to Hausa Grammar | M.K.M. Galadanci | Longman Nigeria, 1984 |
| 5. | Jagoran Nazarin Kagaggun Labarai | Mukhtar, I. | A.J. Publishers, Kano, 2002 |
| 6. | Rabe-Raben Adabi Da Muhimmancinsa Ga Rayuwar Hausa | Dangambo, A. | Triump Publishing Company, Kano, 1984 |
| 7. | Harshe Da Adabin Hausa A Kammale | Ismaila, J and Tanimu. M.Y | Spectrum Books, Ibadan, 2007 |
| 8. | Labaru Na Da Da Na Yanzu | NNPC, 1985 | |
| 9. | Zaman Mutum Da Sana’arsa | E.M. Rimmer, et al. | NNPC, Zaria, Reprinted 2002 |
| 10. | Zaman Hausawa | Alhassan, H. et al | Islamic Publication Bureau, Lagos Reprinted 1988 |
| 11. | Waƙa A. Bakin Mai Ita | CSNL, BUK, Kano | NNPC, Zaria, 2006 |
RECOMMENDED TEXTS
- Almajir, T.S. et al. (2016) Idioms in English – Hausa, Zaria; ABU, Press Galadanci, M.K.M. (1976), Introduction to Hausa Grammar, Zaria: Longman Junju, M.H. (1980), Rayayyen Nahawun Hausa, Zaria: NNPC Muhammad, Y.M. (2005), Fassarar Hausa, Zaria: ABU Press Sani, M.A.Z. (1999), Tsarin Sauti Da Nahawun Hausa, Ibadan: UP Plc Sani, M.A.Z. et al (2000), Exam Focus: Hausa Language, Ibadan: UP Plc Skinner, N. (1977), Grammar of Hausa, Zaria: NNPC Yahaya, I.Y. et al (1992), Darussan Hausa Don manyan makarantun sakandare 1 – 3, Ibadan: UP Plc
B. ADABI DA AL’ADU (LITERATURE AND CULTURE)
- Bichi, A.Y. (1979), Waƙoƙin Bikin Aure, Lagos: Nelson Dangambo, A. (1984), Rabe – Raben Adabin Baka da Muhimmancinsa Ga Rayuwar Hausawa, Kano: Triumph Publishing Company Gusau, S.M. (1991), Makaɗa Da Mawaƙan Hausa, Kaduna: Fisbas Media Service Ibrahim, M.S. (1977), Kowa Ya Sha Kiɗa, Zaria: Longman Madauci, I. et al (1992), Hausa Customs, Zaria: ABU Press Umar, M.B. (1976), Ɗanmaraya Jos Da Waƙoƙinsa, Ibadan: OUP Umar, M.B. (1977), Wasannin Tashe, Zaria: NNPC
C. ƘAMUSAI (DICTIONARIES)
- Bargery G.P. (1951), A Hausa – English Dictionary and English-Hausa Vocabulary London: OUP Newman, R.M. (1997), An English-Hausa Dictionary, Ibadan: Longman Newman and Newman (1977), Sabon Ƙamus Na Hausa Zuwa Turanci, Ibadan: UPL Skinner, N. (1993), Kamus Na Turanci Da Hausa, Zaria: NNPC CSNL: (2006), Ƙamusun Hausa Na Jami’ar Bayero Zaria: ABU Press
Technical & Vocational
Home Economics
25 topicsOfficial JAMB syllabus
General objectives
The aim of the Unified Tertiary Matriculation Examination (UTME) syllabus in Home Economics is to prepare the candidates for the Board’s examination. It is designed to test the candidate achievement of the course objectives, which are to:
- 1. Acquire knowledge on the concepts and principles of Home Economics education;
- 2. Apply the principles of Foods and Nutrition to planning, selection and preparation of meals and the adoption of food hygiene and safety;
- 3. Equip students with knowledge and skills in Clothing and Textiles;
- 4. Apply the principles of Home Management in home and family living.
SECTION A: HOME ECONOMICS EDUCATION
1Home Economics
Topics / contents / notes
a. Meaning, scope and importance of Home Economics.
b. Objectives and ideals of Home Economics.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. examine the importance of Home Economics to the individual, family, society and nation;
ii. identify the objectives of Home Economics;
iii. determine the scope of Home Economics.
2Areas/Careers in Home Economics
Topics / contents / notes
a. Home Management
– Interior decoration
– Credit management
– Florist
– Child Care
– Social welfare care, etc.
b. Foods and Nutrition
– Catering
– Dietetics
– Nutritionist
– Public Health Education, etc.
c. Clothing and Textile
– Textile designing
– Fashion designing
– Modelling
– Laundry, etc.
d. Family and Child development
– Early and Childhood education
– Child care, etc.
e. Teaching
f. Counselling
g. Media
h. Research
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. recommend possible vocations in the different areas of Home Economics;
ii. relate Home Economics to each vocation;
iii. assess the benefits of each vocation to the individual, society and nation;
iv. identify current vocations in Home Economics;
v. identify sources of career information. Home Economics
3Interrelationship of Home Economics with other subjects:
Topics / contents / notes
Biology, Geography, Chemistry, Physics, Agricultural Science, Fine Arts, Economics, Mathematics, Civic education, etc.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. compare the different areas of study which have relationship with Home Economics;
ii. determine the contributions of these subjects to Home Economics.
SECTION B: HOME MANAGEMENT
1Principles of Home Management
Topics / contents / notes
a. Meaning of Home Management
b. Steps in the management process
c. Decision-making: meaning and process
d. Motivation for Home Management e.g., goals, values, standards, needs and wants, likes and dislikes.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. state the meaning of Home Management;
ii. identify steps involved in the management process;
iii. determine issues for decision-making in the home;
iv. describe the role of motivators in Home Management.
2Resources
Topics / contents / notes
a. Human Resources: definition and types
i. Time management:
– definition and pattern
– types of work time
– factors influencing the use of time
– advantages of time management
– steps in time management.
ii. Energy: definition and reasons for energy management;
– work simplification – its purpose and application
– guidelines for work simplification and time saving gadgets;
iii. Skills, creativity, attitudes etc.
b. Material Resources: definition/types
i. Money management
– meaning and types of income
– principles of money management -household budgeting: steps in making a budget
– economic security of the family
– bank accounts -traditional savings, building societies and insurance.
ii. Tools good properties and community facilities.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. identify the resources available to the individual and family;
ii. describe the pattern of work plan; iii. apply the principle of time management to work simplification in the home;
iv. identify the sources of income available to an individual and family;
v. determine the means of family saving;
vi. give reasons for saving family income;
vii. determine the steps involve in family budgeting;
viii. suggest alternative resources for Home Management;
ix. analyse the principles of money management;
x. state other material resources available to individual and family. Home Economics
3Family Living
Topics / contents / notes
a. Definition and types of family
i. Advantages and disadvantages of family types
ii. Functions of the family
iii. The family life cycle.
b. Family relationships
– husband/wife relationship, parent/child relationship, brother/sister or sibling relationships
– factors that influence family relationship
c. Basic personality profiles
– meaning of personality
– extroversion, introversion and anxiety/stability
d. Adolescents and their problems
e. Family crises
f. Conflict and conflict resolution
g. Human rights
i. Meaning of human rights and fundamental human rights
ii. Rights of women and children
iii. Violation of human rights
h. Communication and role of ICT in the Family.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. compare types of family;
ii. identify roles of family members;
iii. differentiate between the types of relationships that exist in the family;
iv. determine the factors that influence family relationships;
v. describe factor that influence family relationships;
vi. identify characteristics and problems of adolescents.
vii. compare the basic personality profiles (extrovert, introvert);
viii. identify types of family crises and ways of solving them;
ix. identify sources of conflict and solution strategies;
x. identify types of human rights and human rights violation;
xi. suggest remedies for breach of human rights;
xii. identify factors that hinder communication in the family;
xiii. determine factors that enhance communication in the family;
xiv. identify the advantages and disadvantages of ICT.
4Marriage and Reproductive Health
Topics / contents / notes
Meanings of marriage and sex education
a. Boy/Girl relationship
– courtship
– factors to consider when choosing a partner
b. Preparation for marriage
– meaning and purpose of engagement
– types of marriage; Islamic, Christian, Court and Traditional
– planning a family.
c. Reproductive health
– consequences of indiscriminate sexual indulgence -sexually transmitted infections/ diseases (STIs/STDs and HIV/AIDS) -unwanted pregnancy, etc.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. differentiate between types of marriages in Nigeria;
ii. compare the advantages and disadvantages of inter-tribal marriages;
iii. analyse the role of courtship and engagement in marriages;
iv. identify the different ways of planning a family;
v. state types, causes and prevention of sexually transmitted infections and diseases.
5Pregnancy and childbirth
Topics / contents / notes
a. Menstruation, pregnancy and childbirth, labour delivery and post-natal care
b. Childcare, baby’s layette, care of the baby, toilet training, bathing, feeding, weaning, etc.
c. Care of toddlers
– common ailments in children
– immunization
d. Child development
– meaning and principles
– types and stages of development
– factors influencing development
– good habits and character training
– play and play materials
e. Parenting
– meaning and importance
– responsibilities of parents.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. describe the process of reproduction from conception to birth;
ii. describe the care an infant needs from birth to 5 years;
iii. determine the factors that affect pregnancy;
iv. differentiate between the stages of labour; Home Economics
v. identify the symptoms of common ailments in children;
vi. mention types of play materials;
vii. trace the stages of development in children;
viii. recommend suitable play materials for children;
ix. identify responsibilities of parents.
6Housing the family
Topics / contents / notes
a. Houses and home
– types of houses
– factors that affect the choice of a house
– ways of acquiring a house.
b. Interior decoration
– wall finishing and the application of elements and principles of art and design to
• colours
• textures
• lines and
• proportions
– flower arrangements
c. Furniture and furnishings in the home
– types
– factors that affect choices and position.
d. Ornaments and fixtures
– types and care
e. Utilities in the Home
– Water: source, uses, purification, etc.
– Household fuels e.g. gas, coal, electricity, kerosene, fire wood and sawdust
– Electricity: related terms, generation, safety, etc.
– Communication devices e.g., phone, GSM, computer, internet, etc
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. differentiate between a house and a home;
ii. identify the factors that influence residential choice;
iii. describe items that beautify living areas;
iv. suggest suitable colours, textures and other related factors that should be considered in interior decoration;
v. determine factors that influence choice and arrangement of furniture;
vi. compare different floral arrangements;
vii. identify types of ornament and fixtures;
viii. describe the care of ornaments and fixtures;
ix. identify utilities in the home;
x. appraise the advantages and disadvantages of these utilities in relation to their alternatives.
7Home surfaces
Topics / contents / notes
a. Types and care of surfaces and coverings e.g., wood, tiles, formica, concretes, glass, plastics, linoleums, mats, rugs and terrazzo
b. Identification, preparation and use of cleaning agents such as water, soap, abrasives, polish, etc
c. Care of home surfaces and coverings e.g., washing, sweeping, dusting, shampooing, buffing, polishing and vacuum cleaning, etc
Objectives
i. identify common surfaces in the homes;
ii. mention cleaning agents and their uses in the home;
iii. identify materials needed for preparing local cleaning agents;
iv. compare the care of the following:
– wood
– plastic
– concrete Home Economics
– rugs
– mats
– linoleum etc
8Sanitation in the Home
Topics / contents / notes
a. Importance of sanitation
b. Drainage systems – types and care
c. Cleaning of surrounding
d. Disposal of household refuse
e. Household pests and control
f. Pollution and health hazards.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. describe importance of sanitation;
ii. identify types of drainage;
iii. identify types of waste water;
iv. suggest ways of disposing household refuse;
v. identify common household pests and their control;
vi. identify some diseases transmitted by pests;
vii. describe sources of pollution;
viii. mention the health hazards of pollution.
9Consumer Education
Topics / contents / notes
a. Meaning and importance of consumer education
b. Definition and types of market
c. Distributors or consumer agents
d. Sources of consumer information
e. Purchasing practices
f. Advertising
g. Consumer rights and responsibilities
h. Community programmes
i. Government agencies and regulatory bodies.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. explain the importance of consumer education;
ii. identify the different types of markets;
iii. describe the various consumer agents;
iv. identify sources of consumer advice and information;
v. apply the principles of consumer education to wise shopping;
vi. identify the types of media used by advertisers;
vii. describe their advantages and disadvantages;
viii. explain the rights and responsibilities of the consumer;
ix. identify the functions of government agencies and regulatory bodies.
SECTION C: FOODS & NUTRITION
1Foods and Nutrition
Topics / contents / notes
a. Definition of Foods and Nutrition
i. Classification of nutrients, their sources and functions, deficiency diseases
ii. Classification of foods: cereals, fats and oils, milk and milk products, meat, fish, pulses, nuts, fruits, vegetables, etc
iii. Food groups:
– body building food
– energy giving food
– protective foods
– water and roughages
b. Nutrition and health
i. Relationship of nutrition and health
ii. Factors affecting nutrition e.g., income, food in season, availability of food, etc.
c. The digestive system
d. Nutrition for special groups e.g., infants, toddlers, adolescents, manual workers, etc.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. describe the following: food nutrients, carbohydrates, minerals, fat and oil, vitamin, protein and water;
ii. identify the different classes of food;
iii. differentiate between the food groups;
iv. describe the effect of nutrition on health status;
v. identify factors affecting good nutrition;
vi. describe the process which breakdown large food molecules;
vii. recommend the nutritional needs for special groups;
viii. determine the reasons for the nutritional needs of the following special groups:
– expectant/ lactating mothers, infant, toddlers
– sedentary /manual workers Home Economics
– children between 5 and 8 years
– adolescent, aged, invalid and convalescent.
2Meal planning
Topics / contents / notes
a. Principles of meal planning
b. Dietary needs and meals for special occasions and groups
c. Preparation and serving of meals
d. Snacks and beverages
– meaning, types and functions
e. Table setting, table manners and hostessing.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. identify factors that influence the choice and preparation of food for the family;
ii. plan meals for special occasions e.g., weddings, birthdays, anniversaries, etc;
iii. plan meals for special groups e.g., vegetarians, invalids convalescence, HIV/AIDS patient, COVID patient, etc;
iv. identify types of snacks/beverages and their functions;
v. compare types of table setting;
vi. describe table manners and qualities of a good host.
3Cookers and cooking
Topics / contents / notes
a. Types, choice and care of cookers e.g., gas, electric, microwave, etc
b. Reasons for cooking
c. Cooking terms
d. Methods of cooking e.g., boiling, stewing, baking, steaming, etc -moist and dry methods of cooking
e. Methods of heat transfer e.g., conduction, convection and radiation.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. identify types of cookers, their choice and care;
ii. enumerate reasons for cooking;
iii. group the methods of cooking into the following:
– moist methods
– dry methods
– fast methods
– slow methods
iv. determine the method of heat transfer in the various methods of cooking.
4Flours and uses
Topics / contents / notes
a. Types and uses of flours
b. Raising agent e.g., air, yeast, palm wine, steam, etc.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. identify types of flours and their uses;
ii. select appropriate raising agents for basic mixtures;
iii. use flour to produce assorted food items;
5Basic mixtures
Topics / contents / notes
-Batters, pastries, cakes, breads -Definition, types, uses and common faults.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. differentiate between batters, pastries, cakes and breads;
ii. identify types, uses, and common faults in batter, pastries, cakes and breads.
6Scientific methods in Foods and Nutrition
Topics / contents / notes
a. Measure units and accuracy
b. Various nutrients tests in food e.g., test for protein, fats and carbohydrates
c. Recipe development
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. demonstrate skills in unit measurements; Home Economics
ii. detect the nutrients in a given food;
iii. develop basic recipes in food preparation.
7The Kitchen:
Topics / contents / notes
a. Types of kitchen;
b. Arrangement
c. Tools and equipment
– selection, use and care
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. describe types and arrangement of kitchen;
ii. compare large and small kitchen equipment and tools;
iii. specify factors to consider in selecting kitchen tools and equipment.
8Kitchen safety and hygiene
Topics / contents / notes
a. Common accidents in the kitchen -causes of accidents
– preventive measures.
b. First Aid:
– definition
– components of a first aid kit -simple first aid for burns, scalds, cuts bruises, bleeding, electric shock, poisoning, chocking and bites.
c. Kitchen, personal and food hygiene
– procedures and roles
– food borne diseases
– food sanitation laws.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. identify common accidents in the kitchen, their causes and preventive measures;
ii. suggest ways of making the kitchen a safe place;
iii. specify items which should be included in a first aid kit;
iv. suggest simple first aid for scalds, cuts, bleeding, burns, etc;
v. identify ways in which food is contaminated;
vi. differentiate between food poisoning and food infection;
vii. identify international and national bodies regulating and monitoring food laws.
9Food Storage and Preservation
Topics / contents / notes
a. Meaning and purpose of preservation -causes of food spoilage -principles of food preservation -methods of food preservation.
b. Convenience foods -definition and types
– guidelines for selection
– use of convenience foods.
c. Food additives
– Types and uses
d. Rechauffe dishes
– meaning
– reason
– rules and types.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. identify agents of food spoilage;
ii. describe the principles involved in the preservation and storage of foods;
iii. compare the advantages and disadvantages of food preservation method;
iv. identify convenience foods;
v. compare the advantages and disadvantages of using convenience foods;
vi. identify guidelines for selecting convenience foods;
vii. identify additives used in foods;
viii. explain reasons for rechauffe.
10Home Gardening
Topics / contents / notes
a. definition
b. common gardening tools
c. advantages of home gardening
d. types of soil
e. plants and crops suitable for home garden
f. preparation and care of home garden.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. identify gardening tools;
ii. explain the importance of home gardening;
iii. describe the procedures involved in home gardening. Home Economics
SECTION D: CLOTHING & TEXTILE
1Fibres and Fabrics
Topics / contents / notes
a. Origin of fibres: definition of textile terms, e.g., fibres, fabrics, yarn, staple, filament, blends, etc.
b. Classification and properties of fibres e.g. cotton, rayon, silk, etc
c. Fabric construction
– weaving
– bonding
– felting, etc
– locally made fabric e.g., aso-oke, Okene cloth, Benue cloth, Akwete, Gwado, etc
d. Fabric finishes: moth-proofing, embossing, durable pleating, flame- proofing, stain-repellent etc
e. Fabric design
– tie and dye
– print e.g., screen printing, etc.
f. Textile care label
– meaning and types
– recognition of washing, cleaning and ironing symbols, wool symbols, etc
Objectives
Candidates should be able to;
i. identify the characteristics of fibre;
ii. differentiate between methods of fabric construction using diagrams;
iii. state reasons for giving finishes to fabrics;
iv. state the uses and importance of locally made fabric;
v. compare types of labels found on clothing;
vi. state the importance of label on garments.
2Sewing equipment and garment construction
Topics / contents / notes
a. Sewing machine, basic tools and equipment
– types, use and care
b. Basic process in garment construction – – basic stitches, seams, edge finishes, crossway strips, etc
c. Style features
– collars, yokes, pockets, frills, cuts, belts, etc
d. Arrangement of fullness
– darts, tuck gathering, pleats, smocking, shirring, etc
e. Decorative design -embroidery, needlecraft, tarting, crocheting, knitting, appliqué, patch work and soft furnishing.
f. Simple processes and mend garments -patching, darning, renovation, batik/tie and dye
g. Garment construction -figure types, basic body measurement and pattern drafting
– embracing body shape -choice of styles for different figures -factors influencing the choice of fabric.
h. Wardrobe planning and maintenance -basic rules in wardrobe planning -factors affecting wardrobe planning, weather, occupation, personal features etc.
i. Good grooming, dress sense and accessories -definition
– types and choice of accessories.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. identify the types, parts and faults of a sewing machine;
ii. identify basic tools and equipment used in garment construction;
iii. describe various process in garment constructions;
iv. apply basic process in garment construction;
v. identify style features to enhance the beauty and quality of garments;
vi. apply decorative designs on fabrics;
vii. apply the knowledge of sewing to mend and renovate garments;
viii. compare the process of making batik/tie and dye, screen printing and resist dying;
ix. relate body figures to the selection of styles and fabrics; x. determine factors which affect the choice of clothing;
xi. identify factors to consider in wardrobe planning;
xii. describe the following terms: Home Economics
– good grooming
– dress sense
– accessories
– colour harmony.
3Laundry and care of clothes
Topics / contents / notes
a. Washing and finishing process: sorting, mending, removal of stains, soaking, washing, rinsing, drying, ironing and airing;
b. Laundry agents – water, detergents, soaps, stiffness, disinfectants etc
c. Dry cleaning
– meaning and type
– factors to consider when dry cleaning;
d. Stain
– meaning, types, agents;
– process of removal;
e. Iron and ironing temperatures;
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. arrange in correct order the processes involved in washing and finishing of clothing;
ii. describe the role of laundry agent;
iii. suggest ways of removing common stains;
iv. describe the following:
– laundry agents
– stains
– ironing temperatures.
– dry cleaning
v. state the guidelines for ironing. Home Economics
RECOMMENDED TEXTS
- Anfani-Joe, M.E. and Ogunjide, L.O. (1993) Home Management for Senior Secondary School 1 – 3, Ibadan: University Press Plc.
- Anyakoha, E.U. and Eluwa, M. (1990) Home Management for Schools and Colleges, Onitsha: Africana FIRST Publishers.
- Anyakoha, E.U (2006) Home Economics for Junior Secondary Schools Books1 – 3, Onitsha Africana FIRST Publishers.
- Enid O’Reilly-Wright (1985) The Student’s Cookery
- Book. Oxford University Press.
- Haselgrove N. M. and Scallon K. A. (1981) The How and why Of Cookery. Granda Publishing Limited
- Neil, A and Hesmondhalgh, Z. (1985) A Complete Revision Course for O’Level and GCE, Revised Home Economics, Charles Co. Ltd.
- Ogunjide, L.O., Egbuchulam, B., Eyisi, O. Anfani-Joe, M.E and Olusanya, J.O. (1993) Clothing and Textiles for Senior Secondary Schools 1 – 3, Ibadan: University Press Plc.
- Okeke S. U. N. (2009) Home Economics For Schools and College. Africana First Publishers.
- Olusanya, J.O., Eyis, O., Anfani-Joe, M.E., Ogunjide, L.O. and Egbuchulam, B. (1990) Foods and Nutrition for Secondary Schools Books 1 – 3, Ibadan: University Press Plc.
- Olusanya, J. O., Olojala, S. O., Bala, F and Eyisi, O. (2000) Exam Focus, Food and Nutrition for WASSCE and SSCE, Ibadan: University Press Plc.
- The Internet.
- Wisdom line Pass at Once JAMB.
Computer Studies
36 topicsOfficial JAMB syllabus
General objectives
The aim of the Unified Tertiary Matriculation Examination syllabus in Computer Studies is to prepare the candidates for the Board’s examination. The objectives of the syllabus are designed to test candidates’ understanding, knowledge and acquisition of:
The syllabus is divided into ten sections as given below:
A. Evolution of Computing B. Fundamentals of Computing C. Computer Hardware D. Computer Software E. Basic Computer Operations F. Computer Applications G. Managing Computer Files H. Developing Problem Solving Skills I. Basics and Applications of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) J. Computer Ethics and Computers in Society K. Potentials for Higher Studies in Computer related areas .
- 1. Evolution of Computing Systems
- 2. Basic concepts of computer and its operations
- 3. Problem solving skills, data processing and practical skills in Computing
- 4. System software and Application Software.
- 5. Operations of Basic computer hardware – Input, Output, Memory and Central Processing Unit
- 6. Application of Online resources and Online skills
- 7. Ethics and human issues in computing
- 8. Career Prospects in Computing
SECTION A: Evolution of Computing
1History of computing
Topics / contents / notes
a. Pre-Computing Age – 19th century Features and components early computing devices
b. Computing Devices – 20th Century
c. The history behind each device
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. Identify the various computing devices since the beginning of counting/computing
– Abacus
– Slide Rule
– Napier’s Bones
– Pascal Calculator
– Leibnitz Multiplier
– Jacquard Loom
– Charles Babbage’s Analytical Engine
– Hollerith Census machine and
– Burrough’s machine.
ii. Discuss the contributions and uses of each of the founders of these devices:
– ENIAC
– EDVAC
– UNIVAC 1
– Desktop Personal Computers, etc
2Classification of computing devices
Topics / contents / notes
a. By Generation
b. By Size
c. By Purpose
d. By Type
Objectives
i. Relate each generation with its characteristic feature.
– First, Second, Third, Fourth to current generation.
ii. Describe each generation under the following:
– Year of Development
– Basic components/Type of Technology
– Speed of operation
– Storage Capacity/Component
iii. Explain the differences in the classification of computing systems by size (micro, mini, mainframe, and super)
iv. Differentiate among the various types of modern computer systems in respect of sizes and basic components, data and usage
– Personal Computers
– Desktops
– Laptops
– Tablets
– Hand-held
– Servers
– Workstations
– Mainframes
– Wearable
– Super Computers.
– Digital
– Analog
– Hybrid
– Special purpose
– General purpose etc.
v. State the importance and use of these computing systems
SECTION B: Fundamentals of Computing
1Overview of Computing Systems
Topics / contents / notes
a. Two main constituents of a computer (hardware and software)
b. Characteristics of computers
c. Type, examples and uses of computer hardware
d. Logic Circuits
e. Types, examples and uses of software
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. Define Computer system in relation to its nature and programmability
ii. List functional parts of computer systems
iii. Explain the characteristics of computers (Electronic, Accuracy, Speed, interactive, Reliability, Consistency, Large Storage etc.)
iv. Identify the differences between hardware and software
i. Define and give examples of hardware devices
ii. List components of computer hardware, their functions and different types -Central Processing Unit, Peripherals (Input and Output devices) and Storage media
iii. Explain the differences between input and output devices
iv. Explain the functions of major input devices and give examples of the major input devices (keyboards, mouse, scanner, joystick, light pen, voice, digital camera etc)
v. Explain the classification of keys on the keyboard (function, numeric, alphabetic, cursors.
vi. Explain the features, functions and operations of the mouse
vii. Explain the differences among keyboard, mouse, light pen and scanner, digital camera and output devices
viii. Define and give examples of output devices (monitor, printer, speaker, plotters)
ix. List the different types, features and uses of each output device above.
x. Explain the similarities and differences among inkjet, laser and line printers
xi. List the components of CPU – Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU), Control Unit (CU) and Registers.
xii. Explain the functions of ALU, CU and Registers.
xiii. Distinguish between Primary and Secondary Memory (Storage) units
xiv. List the components of Primary Memory Unit (Random Access Memory (RAM), Read Only Memory (ROM))
xv. Explain the uses and differences between RAM and ROM
xvi. Explain the functions of secondary (auxiliary) storages
xvii. List different types of secondary storages xviii. Give examples of secondary storages (Floppy disks, magnetic tape, hard disks, compact disk (CD), Digital Video Disk (DVD),USB, etc.)
xix. Carry out comparative analysis of auxiliary storage devices in respect of size, speed, cost and technology (access mode, component etc).
xx. List different units by which storage are measured and their relationships – bits, bytes, nibbles, words, kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, terabytes etc.
xxi. Relate the relationships between Micro, Mega, Giga, and Terra bytes.
i. Define
– Registers
– Bus
– Address
ii. Explain the functions of the following Registers:
– MDR (Memory Data Register))
– MAR (Memory Address Register)
– MBR (Memory Base Register)
– AC (Accumulator)
– PC (Program Counter).
– CIR (Current Instruction Register), etc.
iii. Explain the differences between register and main memory
iv. State the major steps involved in how a computer converts data to required information (Input – Process – Output)
v. Enumerate factors affecting speed of data transfer (bus speed and bus width)
i. Define different type types and uses of gates: AND, NOT, OR, NOR, NAND
ii. Interpret Logic equations for AND, NOT and OR gates
iii. List the symbols of AND, NOT and OR gates
iv. Construct Truth Table for standard logic gates – AND, NOT, OR. gates
v. Define comparator
vi. Construct a simple comparator with XOR (Exclusive OR) and NOR gate
i. Differentiate between system and application software.
ii. List different types of System software (Operating Systems, Utility Software, Middleware, Device Drivers, Translators, etc.)
iii. Define Operating System (OS)
iv. List functions of OS
v. List different types of OS User Interfaces (Text (Command Line and Menu) and Graphical User Interface (GUI))
vi. Give examples of Operating Systems (MS Windows, LINUX, UNIX, etc)
vii. Discuss different OS on phones, iPad (Android, Blackberry, iPhone, etc.)
viii. Define Utility Software
ix. List functions of Utility Software
x. List different types of Utility Software
xi. Give examples of Utility Software (Editors, Anti-Virus, etc.)
xii. Define Translators
xiii. Explain the functions of Translator Software
xiv. List the different categories of translators (Interpreter, Assembler and Compiler)
xv. Explain the differences among the categories of translators.
i. List examples of application software and their usage
ii. Differentiate between open source and proprietary software
iii. Different methods of acquiring Application software (Built in house and Off the Shelf)
iv. Explain the differences between User Application program and general-purpose Application packages
v. Give examples of common off the Shelf Application packages and their examples.
– Word Processing (MS Word)
– Spreadsheet (Excel)
– Database (Access)
– Presentation (PowerPoint)
– Graphics (Adobe Photoshop)
– Accounting (Sage)
– Payroll (Sage)
– Government (Remita)
– Banking (Fusion Banking Essence)
– Statistics (SPSS)
– Educational (SchoolShell)
– Hospital (eHospital) etc.
2Data and Information
Topics / contents / notes
a. Differences between Data and Information
b. Data representation.
c. Methods of Digitisation
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. Define data and information
ii. List properties of information
i. List different types of data types (integers, real numbers, strings, multimedia (image, audio/visual, signal etc.)
ii. Identify ways of representing and handling data that is number bases with special reference to binary, decimal, hexadecimal etc.
i. Define digitization
ii. Explain the process of digitalization(manual, heads-up, interactive tracing, automatic)
iii. List different formats of digitized data (image, audio, video, motion, text, multimedia, etc.)
SECTION C: Computer Application Packages
1Word Processing package
Topics / contents / notes
(a) General concept
(b) Creating and saving documents
(c) Editing, formatting and insertion
(d) Printing
(e) MS Word
i. Features
ii. Launch MS Word
iii. Basic operations
iv. Other operations
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. Define word processing, and give examples of word processing packages. (MS Word, WordStar, WordPerfect, Open Word, etc.,)
ii. Identify features of Word Processing packages in general (create, save, edit, insert, print, share etc.)
iii. List the application areas of Word Processing packages (Office, Publishing, Journalism, Education, etc.)
i. Launch effectively MS word.
ii. Perform MS Word basic operations
– create, edit, save, retrieve, print, copy and move, etc.
iii. Use different types and sizes of fonts
iv. Perform MS Word operations of:
v. Format, justify, search/explore, etc.
– Carry out spell checking and file merging operations
vi. Close MS Word.
2Spreadsheet package
Topics / contents / notes
(a) General concept
(b) Creating and saving documents
(c) Editing, formatting and insertion
(d) Printing
(e) MS Excel
i. Features
ii. Launch MS Excel
iii. Basic operations
iv. Other operations
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. Define Spreadsheet and give examples of Spreadsheet packages. (MS Excel, VisiCalc SuperCalc, SPSS, Calc etc.)
ii. Identify features of Spreadsheet packages in general (Environment, Status bar, menu bar, formula bar, etc.)
iii. List the application areas of Spreadsheet packages (Accounting, Engineering, Statistics, Calculation, what- if -scenarios, Education, etc.)
i. Launch effectively MS Excel.
ii. Define basic terms in MS Excel -worksheet, workbook, cells, cell ranges, etc.
iii. Use MS Excel to: create, edit, save, retrieve, and print spreadsheet documents.
iv. Use data types in MS Excel (Number, Labels, Formula etc.)
v. Perform basic operations in MS excel -Data Entry, Saving, Retrieve, move, copy, etc.)
vi. Perform arithmetic calculations using formula and inbuilt functions, etc.
vii. Use different types and sizes of fonts
viii. Perform additional MS Excel operations (Formatting, Editing, Printing, Drawing charts etc.)
ix. Close MS Excel.
3Database package
Topics / contents / notes
(a) Definition of Database and examples of database packages
(b) Database organizations
(c) Different features of database format
(d) Basic operations of Database using MS Access
(e) Create database using MS Access
(f) Carry out operations on existing database using MS Access.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. Define Database and give examples of Database packages. (Dbase, Foxbase, MS Access, Oracle, etc.)
ii. Define basic database terms (File, Record, Field, key, form, table, etc.)
iii. List and explain different types of database organisation (Hierarchical, Network and Relational.)
iv. List the application areas of Database in different organizations (Office, Home, Education, Government, Hospital, Agriculture, etc.)
i. Explain different features of database format in MS Access:
– Files designed as tables
– Tables comprising of rows and columns
– Row containing related information about a record
– Column containing specific type of information about a field
ii. Carry out steps to create a database in MS Access to:
– Define structure of a database
– Indicate field type (numeric, character, data, text, etc.)
– Enter data
– Save data
iii. carry out basic operations on an already created MS Access database:
– searching, modifying, sorting, reporting, selecting, inserting, etc.
iv. Close the MS Access database.
4Graphics Package
Topics / contents / notes
(a) Definitions and examples of Graphic packages
(b) Features of CorelDraw
(c) Simple design using CorelDraw
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. Define Graphics and give examples of Graphic packages (Paint, Harvard Graphics, Photoshop, CorelDraw, Autocad etc)
ii. Explain features of CorelDraw (LiveSketch Tool, Multi-Monitor, Healing Clone Tools, Copy Curve Segments, Gaussian Blur Feature, Touch-Friendly GU Interface, Powerful Stylus Enhancements, Import Legacy Workspaces, Prominent Interactive Sliders, Custom Node Shapes, Font Filtering and Search, Corel Font Manager, Enhanced Vector Previews, Handles and Node etc.)
iii. Use features of CorelDraw to activate existing CorelDraw file
iv. Use CorelDraw to design
– Business Card
– School Logo
– National Flag
– Invitation Card
– Certificates etc.
5Presentation Package
Topics / contents / notes
(a) Definition of Presentation package and examples of Presentation packages
(b) PowerPoint
i. Features of PowerPoint Environment
ii. Steps in activating an existing PowerPoint
iii. PowerPoint operations
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. Define Presentation and give examples of Presentation packages (MS PowerPoint, Windows Movie Maker, Micromedia Flash, impress, Apple keynotes, etc.)
ii. Explain features of PowerPoint Environment (Animation Painter, Video Editor, create a video of you presentation, Automatic Ribbons Toolbars, Transitions, Sections, Cropped Tool, Mask Feature, Effective Preview, Screen Shot, Smart Guides,)
iii. Explain steps in activating a PowerPoint presentation
iv. Perform PowerPoint operations to:
– Create new presentation
– Insert pictures, text, graphs, animated contents, add new slide etc.
– Save presentation, run slide show, print presentation, close presentation etc.
6Web Design Package
Topics / contents / notes
(a) Definition and examples of Web Design Packages
(b) Uses Web Design Packages
(c) Elements of Web design using Dreamview
Objectives
Candidates should be able to;
i. Define and Give examples of Web design package (HTML, XML, Dreamweaver, Rapid weaver, Google Web Designer, Microsoft Sharepoint Designer, Net Object Fusion, Xara Web Designer etc.)
ii. List Elements of Web Design
– Navigation
– Visual design
– Content
– Web friendly
– Interaction
– Information Accessibility
– Intuitiveness
– Branding
– Turnaround time
– Conversion etc.
iii. Use Dreamweaver for:
– Social Media Management
– Social Media Marketing
– Website Design & Web Development
– Pay Per Click (PPC) Management and Advert Consulting etc.
,
SECTION D: Managing Computer Files
1Concept of Computer Files
Topics / contents / notes
(a) Definitions of basic terms
(b) File organisations
(c) Methods of accessing files
(d) File classifications
(e) Criteria for classifying files
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. Define some basic terms (File, record, field, data item etc.).
ii. Identify and use of basic data types (numeric, alphabetic, and alphanumeric)
iii. Explain the relationship among file structure items (Data item – field – record-file-database)
i. Classify files according to how they are organised. (Serial, Sequential, Index and random)
ii. Access files as appropriate (Serial, Sequential and Random).
iii. Classify files into:
– Master
– Transaction
– Reference
iv. Explain the criteria used in classifying files
– Nature of content (Program and Data)
– Organization method
– Storage medium
– Date
– Size etc.
2Handling Computer Files
Topics / contents / notes
(a) Basic operations
(b) Data Loss
(c) Security
(d) Computer versus manual files
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. Perform basic file operations
– Create, Delete, Retrieve, Insert, Copy, View, Update, Open, Close etc.
ii. Identify causes of data loss
– Overwriting
– Inadvertent deletion
– Hardware malfunction
– Virus attack
– Theft
– Arson
– Natural Disaster etc.
iii. Use different methods of securing data and maintaining its integrity
– Backup
– Antivirus
– Personal Identification Number
– Biometrics
– Passwords
– Proper labelling of storage devices
– CCTV
– Physical Security
– Fire Extinguisher
– Smoke Alarms
– etc.
v. Compare the advantages and disadvantages of computer and manual file (security, speed of access and creation, cost of setup and maintenance, electricity supply, etc.)
SECTION E: Computer Maintenance and Safety Measures
1Booting and shutting down process
Topics / contents / notes
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. Define booting
ii. List the two types of booting process (cold and warm booting)
iii. Explain the difference between cold and warm booting.
iv. Explain the steps involved in booting and shutting down a computer system
2Computer Maintenance
Topics / contents / notes
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. Perform general cleaning of the computer system
ii. Charge and replace battery for portable systems and UPS
iii. Clean drive lens
iv. Perform simple hardware and software maintenance
v. Recover data from a crashed system
3Computer Room Management
Topics / contents / notes
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. Define proper sitting arrangement
ii. Position the monitor, keyboard, CPU, Mouse and other peripherals appropriately
iii. Ensure Proper illumination of the computer room
iv. Maintain a dust free environment
v. Keep liquid away from computer room
vi. Keep strictly to laboratory rules and regulations
SECTION F: Information &Communication Technology (ICT)
1Communication Systems
Topics / contents / notes
(a) Definitions and Acronym of ICT
(b) Types and examples of ICT
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. State the full meaning of the acronym ICT
ii. Define ICT
iii. List types of ICT.
– Broadcasting
– Telecommunication
– Data Network
– Information Systems
– Satellite Communication, etc.
iv. Give examples of Broadcasting
– Radio broadcasting
– Television Broadcasting
– Satellites Broadcasting etc.
v. List types of Telecommunications
– Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN Land Line
– Mobile phone system
– Circuit Switched Packet Telephone System (CSPT)
– Satellite Telephone System
– Fixed Wireless Telephone System etc,
vi. List types of Data Network
– Personal Area Network (PAN)
– Local Area Network (LAN)
– Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
– Wide Area Network (WAN)
– Intranet
– Internet etc.
vii. List types of Information System
– Data Processing System
– Global Positioning System (GPS), etc.
2Application areas of ICT
Topics / contents / notes
(a) Application areas
(b) ICT based Devices
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. Define Applications Areas of ICT:
– Teleconferencing
– Video conferencing
– Telecommuting
– Telecomputing
– Messaging
– Information search, retrieval and archival systems
– E-Learning
– Telemedicine
– E-Commerce
– E-Government
– E-Library etc.
.
ii. List types of ICT Devices:
– Mobile phones
– Computers
– Automated Teller Machines (ATM)
– Dispensing Machines
– Point of Sale Machines
– Automated Cash Register (ACR)
– Radio sets
– Television sets
– Scanners etc.
3Internet
Topics / contents / notes
(a) Definition of terms
(b) Internet Browsers
(c) Features of Internet Browsers
(d) Internet Services
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. Define Internet
ii. Define and illustrate use of:
– Home page
– Browse
– Browser
– Chatroom
– Cybercafe
– Http
– Html
– ISP
– Webpage
– Website etc.
iii. Access the Internet through any of the browsers
– Internet Explorer
– Opera
– Firefox
– Cometbird
– Ubuntu
– Google Chrome
– Phoenixetc.
iv. Explain features of the Internet Browsers
– Title Bar
– Menu Bar
– Tool Bar
– Address Bar
– Icons
– Search Bar
– Uniform Resource Locator (URL)/Hypertext link etc.
v. Describe the use of different types of Internet services:
– Electronic Mail (e-mail)
– E-mail Discussion Group
– Instant Messaging/Chats
– Virtual meeting platforms
– File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
– World Wide Web (WWW)
– Search Engines
– Chatting etc.
4Electronic Mail
Topics / contents / notes
(a) Definition
(b) E-mail Service
(c) Steps involved in creating and opening mail (email box, and chatting)
(d) Features of e-mail address
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. Define Electronic Mail and Chatting
ii. List e-mail services:
– Creating e-mail address
– Composing e-mail
– Sending/receiving e-mail
– Adding attachments
– Chatting
– Creating mailing list/group
– etc.
iii. Explain the features in an e-mail address e.g.xyz@jamb.org.ng (user@Domainname) Explain the components of domain name.
5Networking
Topics / contents / notes
(a) Definitions
(b) Network types
(c) Network topologies
(d) Network devices
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. Define computer network
ii. List and define various types of Networks:
– PAN
– LAN
– WAN
– MAN
– Intranet
– Extranet
– Internet
iii. Explain the differences in basic network topologies:
– Star
– Bus
– Ring
iv. Define and explain the use of network devices:
– Hub
– Modems
– Switches
– Routers
– Gateway
– Repeaters
– Access Points Interface (API)
– Network Interface Card (NIC) etc,
6World Wide Web (www)
Topics / contents / notes
(a) Definition and full meanings of acronyms
(b) Brief history of WWW
(c) Basic terminologies
(d) Protocols
(e) Advantages and disadvantages of www.
(f) Navigation through websites
(g) Software for web development
(h) Differences between email and website
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. Give full meanings of www, HTTP, HTTPS, HTML, XML
ii. Explain the history behind www
iii. Explain basic terminologies:
– www
– Website
– Webpage
– Homepage
– Protocol etc.
iv. Define Protocol and list different types of protocols (http, https, ftp, etc.)
v. List uses and benefits of www.
– Accessible from anywhere around the globe with the availability of the Internet
– access to information or make information accessible to the world
– connect to people from anywhere from home
– purchase products online anywhere in the comfort of your home
– create website for your business and do a lot much more than physical office
– communicate with anyone around the world through texts, chats, and emails.
– Online course can be completed using www.
– Online marketing and branding of businesses
– Facilitate establishing professional contacts
– Unlimited access to information
– etc.
vi. List disadvantages of www
– Risk of data and identity theft
– Cyberbullying
– Easy spread of fake news
– Hacking
– Spam mails
– paedophile
– etc.
vii. Navigate through websites.
– www.jamb.org.ng
– www.waec.org.ng
– www.neco.org.ng
– www.ui.edu.ng
– www.jgiyc.com
– www.google.com etc.
viii. Use of software for web development
– Frontpage
– WordPress
– Dreamweaver
– Photoshop
– Google Web Designer etc.
ix. Differentiate between email and website
– xyz@jamb.gov.ng and
– www.jamb.org.ng
7Cables and Connectors
Topics / contents / notes
(a) Network cables and connectors
(b) Computer cables and connectors
Objectives
i. Identify different network cables and connectors:
– Cables (Twisted Pair, Coaxial, Fibre Optics, etc.) Connectors (RJ45, RJ11, T-Connectors
ii. Identify different types of Computer Cables and Connectors
– Cables: Power Cables, Data Cables, Printer Cable, Universal Serial Bus (USB), Monitor Cable, Serial Cable, Parallel Cable, etc.
– Connectors: Male and Female.
SECTION G: Developing Problem-Solving Skills
1Programming Language (PL)
Topics / contents / notes
(a) Definition and Classification of PL
(b) Advantages and disadvantages of different levels of PL
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. Define Programming Language (PL)
ii. Identify different classifications of PL.
– Machine Language: interpreted directly in hardware i.e., binary machine code
– Assembly languages: thin wrappers over a corresponding machine language i.e., Assembly Language/symbolic language.
– High-Level languages: anything that are machine independent i.e., BASIC, C, Java, Fortran 2008, Python, Pearl etc.
iii. Give advantages and disadvantages of Machine Language, Assembly Language and High programming Language.
2High Level Languages (HLL)
Topics / contents / notes
(a) Classifications of HLL
(b) Characteristics of HLL
(c) Translators
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. Classify High-Level programming Languages into:
– Scientific
– General Purpose
– Business
– Object oriented
– Procedural
– Artificial Intelligence
– String processing
– Domain Specific
– Scripting
– Systems
– Visual
– Esoteric etc.
ii. Explain the characteristics of High-Level Programming Languages:
– Requires translation into machine language
– Portable
– Easier to read, write and maintain as commands are similar to English
– Use data types and data structures, selection statements and repetition/iteration constructs
– Use logic operators and functions that are built into the language.
– Programmers friendly
– Easy to code, debug and maintain
iii. Define translators and its two basic types:
– Interpreters
– Compilers
3Algorithm and Flowcharts
Topics / contents / notes
(a) Definitions
(b) Functions of Algorithm
(c) Properties of Algorithm
(d) Flowchart symbols
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. Define Algorithm and Flowchart
ii. State functions of algorithms: They are used to perform:
– Calculations
– Data Processing
– Automated reasoning etc.
iii. State and explain the properties of Algorithm
– Input specified
– Output specified
– Definiteness
– Effectiveness
– Finiteness etc.
iv. Identify Flowchart symbols
– Start
– Input/Output
– Process
– Decision
– Stop
– loop
– Continuation etc.
v. Draw Flowchart of a given programming problem
4Programming Language Structure
Topics / contents / notes
(a) Basic Statements
(b) Arithmetic/string operators
(c) Subunits
(d) Primitive and non-primitive data
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. Identify features/syntax of a programming language
– Keywords
– Variable types
– Constants/literals
– Numeric
– String/alphanumeric
– Basic characteristics of the language
ii. Basic statements of a high-level programming language
– Input
– Output
– Processing
– Comments
– Subunits (Functions, Procedure, Methods, Subroutines etc.)
– Statements (Iteration/Loop, Conditional, Assignment, Dimension, etc.)
iii. Arithmetic operators and expressions
iv. String operators and expressions
v. Built in functions
vi. Primitive data (Integer, float, Boolean, character, etc.)
vii. Non-Primitive Data Types (Arrays, classes, string, etc)
viii. Complex data structures (Trees, graphs, linked lists, objects etc.)
5Program Development
Topics / contents / notes
(a) Definition
(b) Characteristics of programs
(c) Precautions
(d) Steps involved in developing program
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. Define a program
ii. List characteristics of a good program
– Accuracy
– Readability
– Maintainability
– Efficiency
– Generality
– Clarity etc.
iii. State the precautions required in the development of a program
– Be stable, steady and patient
– No step skipping
– Follow order of execution etc.
iv. Steps involved in program development
– Problem definition
– Problem analysis
– Design (Flow charting/ algorithm) development
– Program coding
– Program compilation
– Program testing/debugging
– Program documentation
– Programme Maintenance
v. Examples of:
– Interpreted program (BASIC, java, python)
– Compiled Program (COBOL, FORTRAN, C, C++, Java etc.)
6System Development Life Cycle
Topics / contents / notes
(SDLC)
(a) Definition of SDCL
(b) Stages of SDLC
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. Define SDLC
ii. Describe SDLC
iii. Explain stages in SDLC
– Preliminary study (Identification of the problem, Recognition of the Need)
– Feasibility
– Analysis
– Design
– Implementation (coding, testing, documentation and delivery)
– Maintenance
– Review
iv. Draw diagram of a SDLC
SECTION H: Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Robotics
1Definition of AI
Topics / contents / notes
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. Define AI
ii. Identify branches of AI
– Machine Learning (supervised,
2Branches of AI
Topics / contents / notes
Objectives
3Applications of AI
Topics / contents / notes
Objectives
unsupervised, reinforcement)
– Neural Network
– Expert Systems
– Fuzzy Logic
– Natural Language Processing
– Deep Learning etc.
iii. List Application Areas of AI
– Robotics
– E-Commerce
– Navigation
– Human Resource
– Healthcare
– Agriculture
– Gaming
– Automobiles
– Social Media
– Marketing, etc.
4Fundamentals of Robotics
Topics / contents / notes
(a) Definition of Robotics
(b) Main Components of Robotics
(c) Types of Robots
(d) Application Areas of Robotics
(e) Advantages and Disadvantages of Robots
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. Define Robotics
ii. Define Robots
iii. Identify main components of Robots
– Control system
– Sensors
– Actuators
– Power Supply
– End Effectors etc.
iv. Mention types of Robots
– Humanoid Robots
– Autonomous Robots
– Teleoperated Robots
– Augmenting Robots etc.
v. Itemise application areas of Robots
– Logistics
– Manufacturing
– Home
– Travel
– Healthcare
– Security
– Space exploration
– Entertainment
– Agriculture
– Food Preparation
– Manufacturing
– Military
– Customer Service etc.
vi. State advantages and disadvantages of using Robots
SECTION I: Computer Ethics and Human Issues
1Ethical issues
Topics / contents / notes
a. Computer–related crime
b. Responsibility for computer failure
c. Protection of computer property, records and software
d. Privacy of the company, workers and customers.
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. Define computer-related crime.
ii. State examples of computer-related crime. (Compromising computer systems, hacking, theft, etc.)
iii. List methods to prevent unauthorised use of computer system (user identification, Passwords etc.)
iv. List methods to protect computer resources using both electronic and manual methods.
v. List methods to Protect privacy of individuals (workers, companies, customers, government etc.) by law and electronically.
vi. Define computer security
vii. Identify different types of computer security
2Computer Security
Topics / contents / notes
Objectives
3Cyber risks and protection
Topics / contents / notes
Objectives
and their characteristics.
– Network security
– Internet security (cyber)
– Application Security
– Data security
– Information security
– End user security etc.
viii. Identify appropriate security tool to use for the different types of computer security (Firewalls, antivirus software, encryption, etc.)
ix. Identify categories of application threats and their characteristics (Input, authorisation, session management, parameter tampering,
x. Identify basic dimensions of Information Security (Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability (CIA))
xi. Mention Network security Issues (unauthorised, intrusion, rules and configurations that protect confidentiality, integrity and accessibility using both software and hardware.)
xii. Mention Network security methods (antivirus software, application security, behavioural analytics, data loss prevention, email security, firewalls, mobile device security, network segmentation, security and event management (SEIM), Virtual Private Network (VPN), Web security, wireless security, Network Access Control (NAC).
xiii. List Types of cyber security threats (Cybercrime, cyber-attack, cyberterrorism, malware, virus, trojans, spyware, Ransomware, Adware, Botnets, SQL injection, Phishing, Man-in-the-middle attack, Denial of Service, Dridex, Romance scams, Emotet malware,
xiv. List Cyber security safety tips
– Regular update of software and operating systems
– Use of anti-virus software
– Use of strong passwords
– Do not open email attachments from unknown senders
– Do not click on links in emails from unknown senders or unfamiliar websites, avoid use of unsecure WIFI networks in public places etc.
4Potentials for Higher Studies in Computing
Topics / contents / notes
Objectives
Candidates should be able to:
i. List possible career paths in computing
– Software Developer
– Software Test Engineer
– Programme Analyst
– System Developer
– Web Developer
– Software Development Engineer,
– Computer System Analyst
– Database Administrator
– System Administrator
– System Engineer
– System Analyst
– Network Engineer
– Business Analyst
– Program Manager
– IT Specialist
– Data Analyst/Scientist
– AI and Robotics
– System Security Analyst
– Digital Forensic Analyst
– Mobile App Developer
– ICT Manager
– Blogger
– E- Marketer
– Social Media Manager
– ICT Educator
– Career in Academia
– Private Entrepreneurship
– Internet Police
– IT User Support/Desk Officer
– ICT Librarian
– Computer Instructor etc.
RECOMMENDED TEXTS
- 1. A Textbook for Year 11 – Computer Studies Bibhya Sharma, Shaveen Singh & Vijay Singh, Publisher: Technology and Employment Skills Training Ministry of Education, Fiji.
- 2. Addan Emmanuel (2013). My Computer for Senior Secondary Schools 1, 2, 3 with Practical Training CD. Valueplus Publication Limited.
- 3. Adebisi, A. J. (2013). Fundamentals of Computer Studies, Nigeria: Expert Consults, Available on https://www.researchgate.net/publication/258339295_FUNDAMENTALS_OF_COMPUTE
R_STUDIES
- 4. Adedapo F. O. Mitchell A. S. and Agunbiade D. A. (Assessed on August 6, 2021): Online with Computer Senior Secondary 2; rasmedpublications.com
- 5. Brookshear, J. G. (1991). Computer Science: An Overview. Benjamin-Cummings Publishing Co. Inc.
- 6. Chiemeke Stella C., Souley Boukari, Olumide B. Longe (Assessede on August 6, 2021); Computer Studies for Senior Secondary Schools; University Press Plc., upssbookshop.com
- 7. Doyle, S (1995). Computer Studies for You, USA: Nelson Thomas Ltd, 2nd Edition. Available at https://www.amazon.com/GCSC-Computer-Studies-You/dp/0748703810
- 8. Driscoll, T. & Dolden R. (1998). Computer Studies and Information Technology (The Motivate Series), Nigeria: Macmillan Education, Available at https://amazon.com/ComputerStudies-Information-Technology-Motivate/dp/0333598342
- 9. Henderson, P. (1987, February), Modern Introductory Computer Science. In Proceedings of the eighteen SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer Science education (pp. 183-190).
- 10. HiiT@School (Assessed on August 6, 2021); Computer Studies for Senior Secondary Education; HiiT
- 11. Ojo D. J. (2018). Senior Secondary School Certificate Examination on Data Processing. Past Questions and Answers (2014 – 2020). Published by TONAD Publishers Limited. (Theory, Objectives and Practical)
- 12. Otuka J. O. E. Akande A. F. and Iginla S. I. (2019): New Computer Studies 1-3; LearnAfrica
- 13. Senior School Certificate Examinations/National Examination Council (SSCE/NECO). Past Questions and Answers on Computer Studies (Theory/Objectives).
- 14. Sloan, R. H., & Troy, P. (2008). CS 0.5: a better approach to introductory computer science for majors. ACM SIGCSE Bulletin, 40(1), 271-275.
Physical and Health Education
7 topicsSummary outline
Covers health education, human anatomy and physiology, sports and recreation.
This is a summary of the areas examined. The full official JAMB syllabus for Physical and Health Education (with objectives and recommended texts) is being added.
| # | Topic | What to study |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Foundations of Physical and Health Education | Meaning, aims and objectives; History of physical education; Roles in society; Careers |
| 2 | Human Anatomy and Physiology | Skeletal and muscular systems; Circulatory and respiratory systems; Effects of exercise on the body; Physical fitness and its components |
| 3 | Health Education | Personal and community health; Nutrition and diet; Communicable and non-communicable diseases; Substance abuse; Family life and sex education; Environmental health |
| 4 | First Aid and Safety | Principles of first aid; Treatment of common injuries; Safety in sports and recreation; Safety at home and school |
| 5 | Athletics and Games | Track and field events; Ball games (football, basketball, volleyball, handball, table tennis, etc.); Rules, skills and officiating; Gymnastics and swimming |
| 6 | Sports Administration | Organisation of sports; Sports management and officials; Intramural and extramural sports; Facilities and equipment |
| 7 | Recreation and Leisure | Types and importance of recreation; Outdoor and indoor recreation; Community recreation |
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