3D Shapes and Capacity (241–250) — Identifying, Composing, and Using Shapes – Primary 1 Basic Science Lesson Note

Topic: Capacity & Three-Dimensional (3D) Shapes (241–250)

Duration: 40 Minutes

Period: Single

Reference Materials:

• NERDC Mathematics Curriculum for Basic Education
• Primary 1 Mathematics Textbook
• Flashcards, real-life 3D objects, measuring containers

Performance Objectives:

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

1. Identify basic 3D shapes: cube, cuboid, cylinder, cone, sphere.
2. Give real-life examples of each 3D shape.
3. Compose and decompose 3D shapes using manipulatives.
4. Understand capacity as the amount a container can hold.
5. Relate 3D shapes to real-life objects and everyday situations.

Instructional Materials:

• Flashcards with 3D shapes
• Real objects: dice, boxes, cans, bottles, ball
• Measuring containers (cups, bowls)
• Counters or clay for composing shapes
• Whiteboard and marker

Content Development

Step 1: Introduction

Teacher asks pupils:

• “What shape is a ball?” → Sphere
• “What shape is a box of cereal?” → Cuboid

Teacher explains:

“Today we will learn about 3D shapes and their capacity.”

Step 2: Presentation

1. Identifying 3D Shapes

📘 Illustration (Diagrams in Plain Text)

Cube:    □□□

Cuboid:  ▭▭▭

Cylinder:  ⚫║⚫

Cone:    △

Sphere:   ⚪

1. Capacity

• Capacity is the amount of liquid or substance a container can hold.
• Measured in litres, millilitres, cups, or bowls.

📘 Example:

• A cup can hold 250 ml of water.
• A bottle can hold 1 litre of water.

Teacher demonstrates by filling a cup and a bottle with water. Pupils observe the difference.

1. Composing and Decomposing 3D Shapes

• Pupils use clay or blocks to make cubes, cuboids, or cylinders.
• Teacher explains:
  • Compose: Make a shape by combining smaller shapes.
  • Decompose: Break a shape into smaller parts.

📊 Illustration:

[Insert diagram showing cube made from 6 square faces, cuboid made from rectangular faces]

1. Real-Life Applications

• Cube: Dice in games
• Cuboid: Boxes for storing items
• Cylinder: Drinks cans
• Cone: Ice-cream cones, traffic cones
• Sphere: Ball games

Teacher relates capacity to real-life:

“If you pour water from a big bottle to a cup, the cup will fill and the bottle still has some left. That’s capacity!”

Step 3: Class Activities

Class Exercise 1: Identify 3D Shapes

Look at the objects and name the shape:

1. Dice → _______
2. Water bottle → _______
3. Ice-cream cone → _______
4. Ball → _______
5. Box → _______

Class Exercise 2: Compose and Decompose Shapes

• Use clay or blocks to make one cube and one cuboid.
• Break them into faces and identify the shape of each face.
• Count the number of corners, edges, and faces.

Step 4: Board Summary

Step 5: Evaluation (5 MCQs)

1. Which of these shapes has 6 equal square faces?
   A. Cube B. Cuboid C. Cylinder D. Cone
2. Which 3D shape is like a ball?
   A. Cube B. Sphere C. Cone D. Cylinder
3. How many corners does a cuboid have?
   A. 6 B. 8 C. 4 D. 0
4. Which container can show capacity?
   A. Ball B. Cup C. Dice D. Globe
5. Which 3D shape has 1 curved surface and 1 tip?
   A. Cylinder B. Cube C. Cone D. Sphere

Answer Key: 1(A), 2(B), 3(B), 4(B), 5(C)